Causes of Air Pollution | The Impact of Air Pollution

Causes of Air contamination The Impact of Air PollutionAir contamination is the chemical, particulate, and biological payoff that stack harm or distress human, lively organism, or the born(p) environment into the atmosphere. In this shed, the exploreer police squad studied the get alongs and effects of the crease befoulment in the United Arab Emirates and disc overed and impart discuss the master(prenominal) types of the contaminant and their effects on the environment. Also, somewhat statistics about the per centumage of institutionalize defilement will be discussed from previous studies in the UAE such(prenominal)(prenominal) as governmental and private statistical data. In addition, solution for protecting the glory contaminant will be studied in order to view as die environment to live in. Additionally, the team will discuss a case find out regarding the effects of snap pollution in UAE.The finishing of the project is to submit the cause of the ass embly line pollution in UAE and how it empennage collide with the environment. Also, the close goal is to give some solutions that sens bear the environment and give some aw arness in protecting the glow pollution.In the past fifty years, UAE had an excessive development in galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) fields such as buildings, industries, and transportation later on oil discovering. referable to the increases of the projects, the carry go bads getting many pollutants such as dusts, Chemical flubes, nose potdy Dioxide dismissions which led to an increase in the advertize pollution. Statistics video display that the United Arab Emirates is the after part highest country in coke Dioxide emissions between the Arab countries and 32 all over the world. The steady increase in the straining pollution shadow imply the humanity in the short term and long term such as Acid rain and health fuss which exsert to study the pollution in the region.LimitationIn t his project, the research team will study the mental strain pollution in the UAE and will not go further to Middle East or the world due to sequence limitation and amount of work that have been done for the topic. The clip menstruation of the research topic will be for the last five dollar billsome years. It is entirely the industry and civilization has been spread widely in UAE at this result which will be enough for the research time. In addition, the research team will get from previous studies and statistics about argumentation pollution in UAE due to shortage in resources and equipment for the topic.Review of the LiteratureHistory of pipeline pollution in UAEThe business relates with the nervous strain pollution has been in the UAE since 1958 after discovering the oil field in Abu Dhabi and another one in Dubai 1966. The problem of fashion pollution start increase steadily after the start-off industry came in Abu Dhabi 1966 then another one in the Al Ain and Sharj ah in 1969. on that point is many industries can affect grandly in the region. According to the Ministry of Environment and Water in UAE, 6 Industries produced different redoubted chemical ingrained, 9 industries produces cements which can also affect the blood and 2 other industries has been shut down due to violent in economy and the bumble emission. thither be now 3593 Industries in UAE as you can see in table below. The most industries argon in Jabel Ali costless Zone and the Sharjah Industrial Areas.CitiesAbu DhabiDubaiSharjahAjmanUm Al QuwainRAKFuj pass aroundahTotalNo of Industries409149187449353212613593Percentage11.38%41.50%24.33%13.72%1.48%5.90%1.70%100.00% display board Number of Industries in UAE (UAE Export and Indusry directly, 2010)The itemise of cars has been change magnitude dramatically for the last 20 years the statistics below show the fleck of increase in cars in 2009 in Dubai.Type of car lite vehiclesHeavy VehiclesLight BusHeavy BusLight mechanise d VehiclesHeavy Mechanical VehicleMotorcycleLeisure MotorcycleVehicle for disableTOTALNumber of car837765557682578222317767118714178441541021879Table Number of car in Dubai 2009 (Dubai statistical centre, 2009) at that place be rattling a co press releaseal problem with the huge increment of the cars which really cause a huge trading because statistics show UAE is one of the highest countries in the traffic especially in Dubai and Sharjah which can cause really a huge problem such as the car advertize pollution. Studies showed that 80% from the oxygenate pollution in Dubai came from the emissions of gases from cars.There were many ways to recall and start of protecting pains pollution. In 1993, Dubai Municipality started putting some of the air feature stations system to protect the gas emissions in the city. Also, in 1993, UAE national government imposed some laws in order to prevent the air pollution. As we can see today there are many government organization and many laws that control the area such UAE air control monitoring laws.Causes and effects of air pollution in UAEThe starting cause is unloosee vehiclesMotor vehicles are considered one of the principal(prenominal) causes of air pollution, as there is a steady increase in the number of production annually. Moreover, Vehicles have the largest impact on environment. As a result, motor vehicles produce more than(prenominal) than air pollution. According to statistical report, the population harvest-home was less than the production of motor vehicles, as the population growth was dickens percent and the motor vehicles production was five percent. In addition, vehicles major(ip) cause for air pollution is the static combustion of fossil fuel. Also the great deal produced from the burning of the fuel produces many libellous gases, the main(prenominal) ones are, cytosine monoxide (CO), north oxide (NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). reckon Air Toxic sparks from on Road smooth Sourc eCarbon monoxideCarbon monoxide is a nephrotoxic colorless gas which is emitted from the tail pipe of the car. The reason behind emission such gas into the environment is either the lack of maintained of the vehicle, such as, broken air bumps and dirty filters, or the unelaborated combustion of the fuel. effectCO toxicity is one of the most fatal air poisoning around the world. Although it is unpalatable and colorless, it is high in toxicity. This is because it combines with hemoglobin forming carboxyhemogoblin, which decreases the efficiency of red blood cells to beam oxygen to body t turn outs. Moreover, this process is live onn as anoxemia. Additionally, small concentrations such as 677 ppm (parts per million) can cause the conversion of more than fifty percent of the bodys hemoglobin to carboxyhemoglobin , which can cause seizure, coma, and fatality. The most common signs of poisoning are such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Als o, it can affect the nervous system, as it can cause confusion, disorientation, visual disturbance, syncope and seizures. Further, it can cause the injury to the heart and the fetus of the pregnant women. atomic number 7 Oxidenorthward oxide is one of the most toxic gases which can be produced from the car engines, incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and fertilizers.EffectsThe Nitrogen oxides can inspection and repair in the formation of the acid rain, it is a major factor in orbicular warming, it slows down the growth of plants, it can react with other pollutants thus, forming more toxic chemicals. Nitrogen oxides effects are nausea, irritated eyes and nose, limpid forming in lungs and tininess of breath. Furthermore, inhaling large amount of Nitrogen oxides can jumper lead to rapid, burning seizure inflammation of throat trim back oxygen use of goods and services a larger buildup of fluids in lungs thus death. Nitrogen oxides can move with aerosols which can cause enormou s respiratory problems. As well, Nitrogen oxides can lead to permanent visual impairment in the area touched by it.Sulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide is a chemical compound which has the manifestation of SO2, it is produced when coal and fuel is burned, as fuel and sulfur contains sulfur compounds.EffectsThe sulphur dioxide is very weighty, as it causes brea social function problems, such as, alteration in the lungs defences, deterioration in respiratory system and cardiovascular disease. As well, cardinals who pay from asthma, chronic lung and heart disease are the mostly sensitive to SO2. Additionally, it can lead to the damage of trees and crops. SO2, by the side of nitrogen oxides, are the major pioneers in formation of acid rain, which causes the acidification of lakes and streams, speed up the corrosion of buildings and reduced visibility. SO2 also contri entirelyes in climate change.The second cause is volatile organic compoundsVolatile organic compounds are organic materials that have significant drying up pressure as a result, it is easy for these organic compounds to evaporate pronto at a very low temperature. Further, some of these gases are considered dangerous on humans health, the environment and the ozone layer. Additionally, the major sources for the VOC are paints, coatings, Chlorofluoro cytosines and chloro blows.Painting and coatings employ in doors emit ethyl acetate, glycol ethers, and acetone, which are very harmful to the human universes health. Additionally, chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons, they are widely apply in dry alter and the production of fossil fuel.EffectsCertain bods of VOCs, such as vinylbenzene and limonene, can go on with a react ion with nitrogen oxides, or with ozone thus, producing new oxidation products. Moreover, it can produce secondary aerosols, which can lead to sensory irritation symptoms. What is more, it can cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination and nausea, damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Additionally, it can lead to cancer in animals and cancer in humans.The third cause is DeforestationDeforestation is the removal of forest or a group of tress and then the husbandry is converted to non forest use. There are many reasons regarding disforestation, such as, urban and Construction Purposes, as they use the wood obtained from trees for building materials, furniture, and paper products. Moreover, Forests are also removed(p) to provide accommodation for escalating urban areas. Furthermore, Forests are removed so that to clear land for growing crops and for grazing cattle. Additionally, trees are used as a source of fuel, as they are converted to charcoal grey in order to be used in cooking and thawing purposes.EffectsErosion of soil as the forests are removed, the soil is countenancing the sun, do dryness to the soil and losing its nutrients. As a result, it will be hopeless to cultivate again.Disruption of the Water Cycle trees serves maintaining the balance of water supply in the ecosystem, as the trees are removed, the weather gets drier and unhealthy.Flooding and Drought One of the vital functions of forests is to arrogate and store great amounts of water quickly when there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area. climate Change It is well known that world-wide warming is being caused largely due to emissions of spurthouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite a as well is that deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which results in psychotherapeutic the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This, in turn, leads to greater concentrations of carbon. baptistery study of air Pollution in UAEA case study had been conducted to study the burden of diseases in UAE in long and short terms. There study the Impact of the Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone (O3) in ambient air and how it going to affect bulk in the region. The World Health presidency defined that the total death due to Particulate Matter was 200, but didnt report the diseases due to other air pollutants. As results, theses study has been conducted in order to clarify the number disease due to other pollutant. other(a) status that relate to some effect to plenty by air such as smoking habit, health care statues, running(a) and living environment are not considered. Firstly, the researcher of this study studied the PM and O3 in UAE as shown in the spare-time activity(a) two figures. contour A contour map s how PM concentration in UAEFigure A contour map show O3 concentration in UAEThe next part of the study was to see number of death people in the region due to the between 545 (542 adults and 3 children) has diseases from PM, 209 (208 adults and 1 children) has a out of work from it and 162 death from the O3 effects over the past 30 year the next two figures show the voice of death including some uncertainties.Figure map show causes and death by PMFigure chart show causes and death by O3Method and discussionAs the research is throttle to UAE region, the group was going to allocate sources related to the UAE region.The sources was books, online books, journals and online journals, as the group rigid some books that discuss the air pollution problems such as, the major causes of air pollution in UAE and the effects of these causes on the UAE residents. In addition, some of the condition had been seen some of the cause and effect in UAE. Also, the researcher team searched and p rime of some of the air pollution that affected the region. As allocation of conjectural evidence to the problem is required, the team searched for statistical data such as Chemical element emissions in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.After the group finishes the causes and effects of air pollution allocation, we will suggest solutions that can be implemented for better future and healthier generations. The following table showed that amount of work we did in the Multidisciplinary Projects. In addition, the project chart flow has been included by PRIMAVERA to be more a lear image of the duration of the project which Start from October 13th, 2010 and end at January 16th, 2011 with total of 98 days.Duration (Days)Activity Description azoic StartEarly turn onLate StartLate Finish6Making the Tasks13-Oct-1020-Oct-1013-Oct-1020-Oct-1010Background of the Topic21-Oct-103-Nov-1021-Oct-103-Nov-108 quantify Limitation4-Nov-1015-Nov-104-Nov-1015-Nov-1018Study Cause of Air pollution in UAE21-Nov-1014-Dec -1021-Nov-1014-Dec-1018Case Studies21-Nov-1014-Dec-1028-Nov-1021-Dec-1020Study Effect of Air pollution in UAE21-Nov-1016-Dec-1021-Nov-1016-Dec-1010Statistical Data22-Dec-104-Jan-1122-Dec-104-Jan-115Making testimonial5-Jan-1111-Jan-115-Jan-1111-Jan-113Making Written and Oral Presentation12-Jan-1116-Jan-1112-Jan-1116-Jan-11Table Timeline of the ScheuleFigure A flow Chart of the ProjectResultsIn order to know the quality of air in the UAE, statistical data about the amounts of pollutants emissions was retrieved for analysis. However, working with statistical data raises two problems first is accuracy and second reliability. Since, statistical data are collected from samples, it is very authoritative to have two accurate and reliable data if the results were to be generalized over the undivided population. To ensure that our data are as accurate and reliable as possible we used governmental statistics center of Abu Dhabi and Dubai to find our results.The results found focuses on th e emission of three main pollutants which are Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide. Moreover, the results cover two main cities in the UAE, Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Since, the research is limited to five years the results cover the years 2005 to 2009. Because statistical data need time to be gathered and published by the government, the emission results for the year 2010 were not included in the research. Furthermore, the city of Abu Dhabi was divided into three main areas, main city Abu Dhabi, Al-Ain and westbound Region. Dubai, on the other hand, was divided into six main areas, which are Diera, Safa, AlKaramah, Mushrif, Jabel Ali settlement and Jabel Ali Port.Analyzing these results will show the exact amounts of pollution in each part, which will help in identifying the areas with the highest pollution levels. Knowing that, the retrieval from pollution should be concentrated in these regions. Since, the results cover the last five years we can know the trends in th e emission of pollutants. This helps in identifying the areas were the pollution increases and the rate at which it increases. These results are very important in our research because it focuses our concentration in fewer areas which is more practical. Note that all the pollution levels are found in micrograms per meter cube (mcg/m3) and na heart not- visible(prenominal).Carbon monoxide (CO)Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009200720082009Abu Dhabi5.410.510.72Al Ain5.727.913.3Western RegionnananaTable CO emission in Abu DhabiDubai20052006200720082009Deira1.63.45.49.610.9Safa1.33.65.58.810.8AlKaramah1.84.24.11.1MushrifJabel Ali VillageJabel Ali PortTable CO Emission in DubaiSulfur dioxide (SO2)Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009200720082009Abu Dhabi149173.1330Al Ain86123.431Western Region161124179Table SO2 Emission in Abu DhabiDubai20052006200720082009Deira0.090.0170.0270.0180.006SafaAlKaramahMushrifJabel Ali Village0.0220.120.024Jabel Ali Port0.0340.0210. 0190.021Table SO2 Emission in DubaiNitrogen dioxide (NO2)Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009200720082009Abu Dhabi278187.4321.0Al Ain271147.2234Western Region19272.6289Table NO2 Emission in Abu DhabiDubai20052006200720082009Deira0.4920.3020.2250.113Safa0.2610.0910.3190.3190.063AlKaramah0.4450.3060.091MushrifJabel Ali Village0.4390.3060.230.2170.067Jabel Ali Port0.3060.3060.1730.117Table NO2 Emission in DubaiConclusions and RecommendationsConclusionsThere is no doubt that air pollution is one of the severe problems that people are facing nowadays and want strongly to get rid of. There is one question that the research team members have asked themselves on a regular basis and the question is Why have we decided to choose the air pollution topic to be our project to talk about in the incline 207 course? the answer of this question has been clarified and verified due to the grandeur of the topic and its widespread facts that the world is concerning about these days. Get ting the definition, the causes, the effects of the air pollution, the team has already got in love with the topic of air pollution and strongly wanted to write about it and search about it more to know the real facts beyond this topic. The air pollution is a problem including and concerning each individual in this world. During Industry, combustion of engines, burning coal, smoking and emissions of green gasses are exceeding the limits and increasing the percentage of the air pollution. But as far as the EPA has a group that is concerning with its difficult task to help this polluted air from the humanity jeopardize, the air is getting its freshness and cleanness. Dont you think that it is our mission also to support the EPA group and stop the humanity risk from the air pollution risks, so lets be one hand coxcomb the seriousness of this topic to avoid the risks on this polluted air to be more worse than this. We cannot say that people can eliminate this issue completely because humans industry doesnt finish and his/her greed to get more is increasing day after day disregarding the case of their polluting the air that we are breathing. So, we can minimize this phenomenon by reducing these emissions and polluting factors of the air.RecommendationsIt is a very crucial step to point out that each project has been done, is being done or will be done is ending with some results. These results are either satisfied with the humans nature or unsatisfied. The project that has been done by our research team shows some results that are incongruous for the human beings, this environment and also to a very important kind of humanity which is the humanity resources. Nobody can deny that air pollution has severe problems on humans environment and can perfectly damage humans life. What is remaining of this damaged environment and this polluted air that we are breathing? People are keeping in resolving their faults and they are in anxiety to keep this environment clean to be straight-laced to live in. In fact, the results of the project are followed by some recommendations created or found by the research team to show how to keep a good humanity environment and having good humanity resources. As it has been shown that most of the natural resources and also humans are affected by the air pollution and this has been shown in this project in the term of effects of air pollution on humanity. The mankind can cause a kitty of destruction to himself/herself and can reduce a roundabout of this destruction he/she has done. It is obligatory and a crucial task for anyone of us to keep this environment clean to live in and to let others live in in a proper way. To reduce these effects on humanity, the research team has done some kind of suggestions and recommendations that could properly reduce the effects of the causes of the air pollution as follows*Steps to reduce the level of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and other green gasses causing a ir pollutionDoing a regular vehicle maintenance and this to reduce the percentage of the Carbon Monoxide and Dioxide approach shot out of the cars exhaust.Reducing the percentage of burning trash and coal which are producing most of the Carbon Dioxide and then affecting the Ozone layer and increasing the percentage of the Acid rain.Reducing the Green house Gas emissions including water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful gasses causing the temperature increasing and then the global warming.Trying hard and putting all efforts to use the clean renewable and non polluting sources.Getting help from engineers to invent new technologies that are friendly to the environment such as the solar car that is powered and used in many cities nowadays. The solar cars could perfectly decrease the percentage of the emissions of either the Carbon Monoxide or Carbon Dioxide that are produced from millions of regular combustion cars engines.The most important is to stop smoking in order to decrease the Carbon Monoxide in the air.Also, people can use recycled products in order to decrease the global warming in the world.Following the EPA rules (Environmental Protection Agency). The EPA has done a lot of steps in the case of reducing the air pollution following the steps shown above. The EPA has proved that the air pollution is still growing by 10% even the steps are followed.The most important thing that could be done by the human himself/herself is warning people regarding the enormous bad effects of the air pollution. Also, they can give some lectures that advising people to reduce the percentage of the air pollution through some statistically and theoretically useful data, lectures and workshops.References1Statistical Yearbook of Abu Dhabi 2010,Statictics centre Abu Dhabi, January 2011.2Ying Li et al., agitate of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates Estimates ground on observed air quality data,Science of the Total Environment, vol. 408, no. 2010, pp. 5784 5793, dreadful 2010.3(2010, July) UAE Export and Directly. Online. HYPERLINK http//www.uaeexportdirectory.com/en/ResultStat.aspx http//www.uaeexportdirectory.com/en/ResultStat.aspx4(2010, December) Air Pollution Indicators at observe Sites Emirate of Dubai. Pdf File.5(2010, October) Enviremntal Preotection Agency. Online. HYPERLINK http//www.epa.gov/ http//www.epa.gov/6(2010, November) Intelligent Life of Deforestation. Online. HYPERLINK http//www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-deforestation.html http//www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-deforestation.html7(2009, Febraury) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Online. HYPERLINK http//www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/sulphur.cfm http//www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/sulphur.cfm8(2007, April) Agency for toxic subtances and Diease Registry. Online. HYPERLINK http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts175.html http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts175.html9(2010, July) Ministry of Enviromental and Water. Online. HYPERLINK http//www.moew.gov.ae/Ar/InformationCenter/Pages/ManufacturesGuide.aspx http//www.moew.gov.ae/Ar/InformationCenter/Pages/ManufacturesGuide.aspx