Supreme Court Cases in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supreme Court Cases in Education - Essay ExampleLinda Carol brown was an eight year old girl who was denied the privilege of attending the Sumner Elementary School, because she was black. Linda embrown had to walk sextet blocks, over a switch track, just to catch a bus, although the Sumner Elementary School was a continent seven blocks away. Her father, Reverend Oliver Brown, was a well respected Christian minister. He peacefully approached the principal of the all-white naturalize and calmly asked if his daughter could attend. Linda Brown and her father were immediately denied the right to attend the school. At this point, Reverend Brown sought the assistance of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (Dudley, 2004).The NAACP was an organization that was born in 1909. Its goal was to grant all minorities the rights of equal voting, schooling, and housing. It pounced on the opportunity to have a legal action with the white dominated public schools of America. For years, the NAACP had attempted to stop this sinister way of life through coquet cases. Until Brown v. Board, the many attempts had proved unsuccessful. The head of the NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, figured that with Linda Carol Brown, they had the greatest possible chance of engaging the court case and upsetting the former case, Plessy v. Ferguson.On February 28, 1951, Linda Brown, her father and the NAACP filed their lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (Barlow, 2004). A grand jury decided to hear their case but their plea for the overturning of Plessy .v. Ferguson was quickly dismissed. Since the case was existence held in Kansas, a southern state, the jury was mostly composed of white male, landowners who still believed that African Americans were substandard humans. This was the reason that the court decided to reject the proposed idea of integrated school districts. Because of appeals, the case kept forward-moving from court to court,

Music Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music censoring - Essay ExampleThere are two sides on this issue, there those supporting and others opposing euphony security review. At this point, the main question that lingers in many is what action transcends from the consumer matter to the censorship matter. A drive carried out by Rabkin (2002) indicates that, censorship plays a fundamental role to the American government. One of the issues involving music censorship is at what age is appropriate for children to listen and watch music that is profanity. Following this, this paper affirm that parents and governments should non desist their children from listening to music, because as they do that, they deny them from grasping whats happening in the society.It is deserving noting that, music may serve as a purpose of motivation, or be used for moral, military, religious, or political reasons. These ideas may augment critical thinking and encouragement to many who are wounded by life experiences and encourage those desiring to achieve their dreams. It may express aspirations and hopes thus, promote a desirable society. Music is emancipate expression of thoughts and ideas thus no one should be stopped from expressing his or her thoughts. Countries like China, Sudan, and Afghanistan comprehend the study of breach of musicians rights to the freedom of expression in music (Szurek, 2008). However, other countries like Algeria and ground forces keep off popular music in the concert stage and out of the retail and media. In ex-Yugoslavia, musicians encounter challenges as their freedom of free expression has much been affected (Dahir, 1995).Many nations fail to strike music as the therapy to life and instead see it as vulgarity and cursing. However, this is not the case in most cases as some songs are just ridiculous and funny and they create a program to understand how the world is. Those in support of music censorship believe that children are not originate people to listen and watch music with profan ity.

Finance for business decision Speech or Presentation

Finance for business determination - quarrel or Presentation ExampleAs such the role of external auditors, regulatory agencies as healthy as credit rating agencies become critical because they need to highlight the information which may be detrimental for the interests of the shareholders. The overall role of the external monitors therefore should be up to taking care of the circumstance that the cockeyed reports all the relevant and pertinent information which may have an impact on the decision making ability of the investors.The case of Enron is considered as one of the leading examples where the external monitors of the firm failed to carry expose their responsibilities. The Enron was finally liquidated and the investors lost their money owing to the fraudulent accounting practices of the firm which went unnoticed by the firms auditors as well as external agencies.(b) Suppose that you decide to invest $1,308.25 in four equal quarterly instalments, at the same target of 9.2% p.a. compounding quarterly. The first instalment is invested immediately. What is the accumulated prise at the end of one year?The differences between the two investment choices are due to the compounding. In first investment, whole amount is invested whereas in second investment, it is converted into an annuity and is invested with compound interest. The second selection yielded higher accumulated value because of the impact of the annuity.(a) Francine wishes to invest in a 5-year corporate stay that pays coupons semi-annually. The stick with has a face value of $1 million and pays half-yearly coupons at a rate of 4% p.a. Suppose that her required rate of return on this investment is 6.5% p.a. How much is she willing to pay for this bond?The market place price of the bond is higher than the value of the bond at Francines required rate of return. Since the bond is selling at discount therefore she should not invest into this bond at this market price.Lamb Limited plans to set aside $28,000 at the end of each year in nightspot to accumulate $100,000

Joshua Bearmans story Art of the Steal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joshua Bearmans story Art of the Steal - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that Gerald Blanchard invariably fain to make his heist by investigating flaws in the security system akin to an individuals identification of dry leaves on a tree. Effectively, proper planning and a thorough investigation always ensured Geralds stealing activities were an enormous success. It is pertinent to note that, Gerald started his exploits at a young age. In this regard, he had managed to become a local cruel machinate in his neighborhood while in exalted school. The story Art of the Steal elucidates the escalation of his sophistication based on his shrewdness in technology form over time from an early age. Thus, the story gives his exploits from parachuting in, changing jewels secured by a weighted alarm, and many a(prenominal) more intriguing stories including well-organized getaways. On the other hand, his flaunty nature was a contrast to a mastermind of some of the most sophisticated crimes committed. Eventually, this behavior eventually led to a mistake that led to his mark and consequent sentencing whereby he served a jail term. Despite the book being about acts that are criminal in nature, there are many positive lessons that individuals can draw from Geralds epic tales and take for them in life. First, good cognitive skills are one of the factors that contributed to Geralds success during his exploits regardless of the security mechanisms in the places he targeted. Cognitive skills are crucial in our daily lives to make the decisions. For example, Gerald parachuted onto the pileus of the Vienesse Castle on his way to steal the Sisi Star. During the tour of the castle, Gerald realized that There was an armed guard stationed at every get and patrolling the halls but the roof was unguarded. In this case, it would take an individual with a good perception, quick learning, and cogitate to formulate the only light way to get into the castle. Evidently, Gerald had these important skills since he figured out the easy way to get into the building and carry out the heist was through parachuting onto the unguarded roof of the castle.

Logos and Pathos Appeals in Taking What is not There Essay

Logos and Pathos Appeals in Taking What is not There - Essay moralHe aims to convince the moved(p) communities along these weewee sources to organize and mobilize against taking more than what true water levels are and to fight water pollution. Midkiff seeks to persuade people to conserve water and to ensure that politicians control the waters more efficiently through equitable treatment of all users, and he effectively uses shame and logos appeals, where he describes, compares and contrasts current and recommended systems that can improve water management and conservation, and uses irony and sarcasm to produce a sense of urgency in attaining his rhetoric. In order to effectively persuade people to render the gravity of the water management problems in the country, Midkiff uses description to show how serious Americas water problems are, with specifications for the Colorado River and Rio Grande. These specifications appeal to the rationality of the people, so that they will u nderstand that their demand for water is way beyond the production capacity of their water systems. For the Colorado River, Midkiff illustrates that the 1920s flow of the Colorado River is not the same as present times Recent estimates indicate that only 10 percent of the flows in the 1920s now reach the gulf, and this trivial amount is heavily polluted with agricultural runoff- pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer (2). ... ime the Rio Grande arrives at the International Bridge, it looks distant from the lush and clean river its used to be The barely flowing water is a putrid immature yellow, filled with herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers carried by the return flows from irrigated cultural lands and with the polluted discharges of the maquiladoras (U.S. factories in Mexico) (Midkiff 9). This description highlights how rivers die because of human-made pollution. Also, in both(prenominal) rivers, high water demand exerts too much pressure on these rivers. Midkiff says that when Rio Grande flows to Albuquerque, it almost dries completely, after it passes to many communities that use its water. The dryness of some parts of these rivers and the polluted waters indicate that the water systems of these communities are in danger. Midkiff effectively explains that if these waters are in danger, the peoples survival is in danger too. Midkiff uses compare and contrasting approach of different uses and solutions to the water problems to emphasize that only the people can organize to write their water resources, and this process combines appeals to logic and emotions. For Rio Grande, Midkiff compares and contrasts the difference between what the river can offer and what people demand for it. He stresses that the Lower Rio Grande Valley is a shadow of its former self (11). The Sabal Palms Refuge is already affected by falling water levels (Midkiff 11). The water levels are declining because of overappropriation and pollution, and by explaining how the river dr ies because of these factors appeals to logos. Aside from logos, Midkiff adds heart-wrenching images to tug peoples hearts. In the Sabal Palms Refuge, plants and animals are dying (Midkiff 11). The image of these living things

Economic Modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economic moulding - Essay ExampleMoreover, nigh employed individuals may opt do drop out of barter in the event they perceive employment benefits to be more viable than their income (Lalive, Vanours & Zweimller, 2011). As a result, it is prerequisite to verify the validity of these perceptions based on evidence from empirical data.The fall in land has over the old age between 2004 and 2014 been experiencing a consistent rate of unemployment (Statista, 2014). As a result, it is evident that there are world-shattering factors that have contributed to the level of the unemployment during the period. On the other hand, one of the consistent trends that have been witnessed in the linked region labour market during the period is the allocation of unemployment benefits by the United Kingdom government (Office for National statistics, 2014). As a result, there are major possibilities that there is a correlation between the allocations of unemployment benefits in the United Kingdom and the rate of unemployment.The study is based on empirical data equanimous from the United Kingdoms labour market. In order to verify the effect of unemployment benefits on unemployment information regarding unemployment and unemployment data was gathered for a ten year period ranging between 2004 and 2014. Thus, in order to evaluate the reliability unemployment and unemployment another(prenominal) set of data that correlates with unemployment forget be used. Hence, the relevant alternative set of data for the study will be based on inflation data for the relevant period of the study. This is due to the fact that most of the major unemployment levels in any labour market are caused by requirement of market forces to draw out optimum levels of inflation (Arnold, 2010 pp. 382). Whereas the rate of inflation will be necessary for this study it will be essential in outlining any other potential indicators of increase in the levels of employment in United Kingdom. Therefore, the stu dy will be aimed

Marketing Plan for Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

market Plan for Product - Essay Examplehighly rated industries for stability and success, the company offers mobile ph hotshots with peculiar(a) features to everyone who wants an elegant product. (Kotler and Armstrong 87).Marketing Strategies In general, marketing scheme deals with pricing, selling, and distributing a product. Using a market arrestment strategy for a special mobile phone for aged people, the company will capture a fully grownger cope of an existing market for current products by dint of market saturation and market penetration or develop new markets for current products. It is the combination of choices you make about which tactics you social function ((Kotler and Armstrong 76). Product distinction will be the main strategy personifyed by the company. Differentiation will be achieved by strange product image and features, low price and support services proposed fro all customers. The company will follow penetration pricing strategy. Penetration pricing re fers to the establishment of price levels low enough to penetrate markets deeply, and to warn potential competitors from entry. Although prices are set relatively low, expanding markets arc recognized. Pursuit of this policy slows down the recouping of investments and expenses. Which policy to pulmonary tuberculosis depends on the total marketing plan and an assessment of cost-revenue market factors (Boone and Kurtz 132). Segmentation Segmentation for a special mobile phone for aged people will be used to understand individual customers in the sports market place and to group them together to form distinct segments which are identifiable, accessible and substantial. In markets, partition is often used to make selling more cost effective by prioritizing the companies that require unceasing face-to-face salespeople and that usher out be served better by telesales and direct... The researcher states that new product management is one of the just about complex and complicated task s for an entrepreneur today. The proposed product is a special mobile phone for aged people with poor eyesight and deafness. The idea is to create a mobile phone device with big screen and special signals which help old people with poor eyesight and deafness to communicate with relatives and use mobile phone in emergency situations. The main goal of the new business is to get and deem a customer. Also, the product is aimed to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable competitive creating value for consumers, select markets where they can excel and present a moving target to their competitors by continually improving their position. Three of the most important factors are innovation, quality and inventory reduction. Using a market development strategy for a special mobile phone for aged people, the company will capture a larger share of an existing market for current products through market saturation and market penetration or develop new markets for current products. Marketing mix will involve telemarketing and direct sales, promotion through medical institutions and mobile stores outside the country. In conclusion, the researcher analyzes differentways of promoting the mobile phone for aged people and discusses the strategies adopt and implemented by the firm including product, price, promotion and distribution issues, that are aimed when advertising features and products to older people.

Racial discrimination within the criminal justice process in England Essay

Racial inconsistency within the deplorable justice go in England and Wales - Essay ExampleThe United Nations Human Rights Committee highlighted some racial discrimination issues in the UK in 2001 especially the high number of the black population in prisons and unlawful stops and searches. Although, the criminal justice system has changed the approach to investigating and sentencing racially motivated crimes, the courts still have the powers to increase the reprobate for the racially motivated crimes. This discrimination leads to victimisation of the ethnic minorities by the same institutions that atomic number 18 tasked with safeguarding their rights. Bowling (1998) is of the belief that racial discrimination exists at all stages of criminal justice system from police profiling of offenders on the basis of race, police mistreatment of the offenders in their custody and imposition of harsher judicial penalties to members of particular races (Brown, 1984). Racial stereotyping an d prejudices by the officers in the judicial system leads to overrepresentation of members of a particular race in the prison system. Discriminatory law enforcement tactical maneuver such as unwarranted stop and searches towards citizens of a particular race and counter-terrorism tactics that aim at invading the privacy of members of a particular race contribute to the undermining and violation of the fundamental man rights of these citizens. Sudbury (2005b) points divulge that Article 1 of the Convention for the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), any distinction, preference or restriction that is based on descent, race or ethnic origin which has the effect of impairing the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms can be termed as a form of racial discrimination (McKenzie, 1998). Racial discrimination in the criminal justice system in the UK has attracted intense international debate and condemnation jumper lead to a declaration of some(prenomi nal) global conferences on racism, xenophobia and racial discrimination. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 created several offenses that are lined with racial violence, harassment and public disorder and provided the maximum sentence (McKenzie, 1998). However, the Act change magnitude racial discrimination in police profiling and prosecution of racially motivated offenses. It is a levelheaded obligation for the law enforcement officers to wasting disease their powers of stop and search in a fair manner without separate the citizens on the basis of race or ethnic grouping (Malleson, 2007). Racial discrimination is evidenced in racial police profiling especially in police stops and searches (Mhlanga, 1997). Law enforcement authorities use racial stereotypes in determining who has been involved in a criminal activity. Racial origins will sometimes influence the law enforcement officers decisions in making an arrest. In the case of suspected juvenile crimes, the police officers get a line in to account the demeanor and race of the juvenile in deciding whether to make an arrest. If the law enforcement officers behold that the offender is disrespectful, there are higher chances of arrests especially for the racial minorities. Some researchers have argued that black minorities are more likely to be shot during police arrests since the police officers use disproportionately more lifelessly force while making the arrests (Moorthy, Cahalin and Howard, 2004). Waters (1990) suggests

The United Nations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The unite Nations - Research Paper ExampleThe get together Nation was based on the theory that all nations are equal according to international justice despite variations in demographics. The United Nations has come to be recognized as a figure of two-eyed violet and of order where Nations can come together to resolve issues or conflicts among them. Membership includes nearly two ampere-second different nations and often negotiations between Nations which involve economics, security and democracy are the focus of UN assemblys. apiece member of the United Nations has one right to vote in these assemblys the United States having one vote when assemblies meet to decide on issues and actions or responses to international threats or areas of interest much(prenominal) as globular warming which has an effect on every nation. It is thought that the United States uses it financial power and influence to range to Countries considered third world or disadvantaged. At times when these C ountries have used the United Nations to present their cases against the United States publicly the United States has retaliated with refusal to pay United Nations dues. With the United States being the largest financial contributor to the United Nations dues substantially reach over 1 billion dollars. Disagreements caused the US to withdraw from UNESCO, the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization. galore(postnominal) operational programs were begun by the UN and operational programs have continued to be developed (Sharp, 1965). The UN Childrens Fund, UNICEF, was given attitude as a permanent UN program in 1953. It is the oldest and the most recognized of the UN programs. UNICEF focuses on key areas in various locations, meeting the needs of children nationwide.UNICEF provides a global platform to stop preventable deaths among children using interventions such as access to health care, vaccinations, antibiotics, and protections methods from carries of diseas es such as Malaria, education in good hygiene practices and the promotion of

Critically analyse inclusion policy and practice designed to widen Essay

Critically analyse inclusion policy and practice patterned to widen participation for dyslectic involveers - Essay ExampleThis has unfortunately resulted in their academic underachievement. However when the needs of these dyslexic students argon identified, it is contingent to get under ones skin teaching mechanisms that should result to appropriate learning outcomes. These special needs should be reflected in the shallowing curriculum, whereby the strengths of dyslexic students be enhanced (Riddell, Tinklin and Wilson, 2005). There contri howevere been a few improvements in the teaching establishment as stakeholders look for ways of ensuring that the development offered at the primary and secondary level is all-inclusive. The inclusion policy is one of the steps that the academic community is embracing in order to ensue that the needs of dyslexic students are all met. Inclusion in this case refers to the approach of offering education to students who have near form or t he other of special academic needs. Inclusion policy Inclusion in education is a never ending process. In most cases inclusion policies in the academic world are designed to widen participation for students with special learning needs, including those with dyslexia. In this learning approach, dyslexic and other modify students spend much of their time in the midst of non-disabled students (Booth, Nes and Stromstad, 2003). In some classroom situations, dyslexic students are given more teacher-to-pupil time so that they can fully look all the concepts that other have already understood. This center that dyslexic students are offered special attention so that they can fully understand what the others have learnt in class. Teachers, who have dyslexic students in their classes, normally encourage the other students to support those students that have dyslexic problems. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 states clearly that everyone is entitled to equal treatment, and this applies to dyslexic students as considerably (Mackay, 2006). By encouraging equal academic development of dyslexic students, educators are giving this group of muckle a chance to enjoy the same opportunities that are available to other students. Education legislation requires that the school curriculum be designed to aim at the provision of opportunities for all students to learn and also to achieve. This means that the curriculums main goal should be to provide a holistic and inclusive education so that everyone can gain from the learning process. All students should be able to access equal opportunities, experiences and responsibilities through and through the knowledge and skills gained in the classroom. Inclusicive policy and practice for students who suffer from dyslexia should involve the effort of not only the teachers, but also the students parents. Dyslexic students can cope better with their situations when they know that they have their parents support (Reid, 2006). Success and sham of Inclusive Learning Inclusive learning enables educators to meet their teaching objectives fully. They are able to how different learners, including those with dyslexia, learn differently. This gives the teachers a chance to know the needs of different students. They can then use this information to design learning methods that they can use effectively for every one of their students so that not one of them underachieves in their academic work. Inclusive learning has made it possible for dyslexic students to be at par with their sheik students. This is because inclusive learning gives the dyslexic student

EMA COURSE WORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EMA COURSE WORK - Essay ExampleOther factors much(prenominal) as transporting the materials, utilities, etc could as well be used however as stated before it is only an example. Variance Analysis is the inequality between what is actu bothy paid and the timeworn cost. The variance is used as a means for heed to discuss performance and to review them. One of the major criticisms of standards is that some forms of standards argon outdated and non as widely used as others. Another criticism is that the standards argon not attainable. This means that the standards are not within reason. Considering that most standards are outdated and incorporate many different components, it is easy to see how mistakes gutter be made. If the company uses the wrong information on any of the components than it is guaranteed that a variance leave alone be revealed upon throw out summary. The standards are alike not changed over a period of duration and in that respectfore are prone to be incor rect due to changes in technology or even by inflation. Standards are said to give employees the need to meet goals and to push his/her self to meet or exceed the goals of the company. This motivation is also said to benefit the company as a whole because it increases efficiency and produceivity. The best representation for standard cost to be effective is to have someone from every level to participate. There has traditionally been a problem trying to get enough people to participate so that the results are reasonable. Participants will look for the easy target and this can pose a problem. The easy target is not unavoidably the optimum target or the most cost efficient. Participation in the costing or analysis would require a lot of time and knowledge that the participants do not have. Also the more time they spend on it the more it will cost the company in the form of salaries and benefits. There is also the risk of the participants being out for their own individual gain. The y could flavor as if their participation could help them further their own agenda kind of of that of the company. They could also spend too much time talking and not enough time coming up with solutions. Lack of knowledge can also factor into this because if the participants do not understand the goal they are trying to reach, then time can be fatigued teaching them instead of getting down to business. Management of Time is also another criticism of standard costing and variance analysis. The process is time consuming to say the least and most managers already feel as if they dont have enough time to carry out their daytime to day activities let alone deal with standard costing or variance analysis. Managers in particular magnate feel as if this is something that someone else should be doing, namely someone in the corporate office if there is one. Absorption costing fuels another criticism of standard costing and variance analysis. Absorption costing assumes that all be of the production of a product are included in the final price of the product (AccountingCoach, LLC). This type of costing can create some problems because it could lead to extremely high standard costing which in turn would always lead to variances. If a product includes all of the fixed costs such as utilities of the entire building, rent of all buildings, etc than the standard cost could be extremely high and overstated. The costs are not allocated over all of the products that are produced in the same area but instead the costs are absorbed into the

Case study 11 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

11 - Case Study ExampleJanice should consider getting support from the hotels executives through Tony for her convocation business. In addition, Janice should focus HR practices to increase collaboration amongst group members and their superiors or supervisors. The best way to deal with group businesses is to employ HR strategies. Thirdly, Janice can use heritage relationships to form and organize these groups.Janice should first find out existing trends in the lodging sector. Second, Janice should determine the some promising domestic and visit trends. Third, Janice should find out The Christopher Hotels rivals and their success so far. The fourth tempo is finding out the likely accommodation market sectors in the region. Lastly, Janice can find out the residence hall and average room rate that a new property at can accomplish.Janice can only when find out what the disceptation is up to by visiting their website and associate blogs or social media accounts. If the competiti on has not posted the specifics and time of these activities on these sites, Janice can attend a conference held by competition and pick up news about their events and successes. Other ways for finding out the operations and measure of the competition is compiling a report, enrolling their suppliers, or even employing

Immigration to US from Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

immigration to US from Latin America - Essay Examplenomy predominantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free make out Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has excessively contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. Due to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the prehistoric two decades. During this period, its foreign debt rose 359 percent because of widespread looting of the national coffers. These factors caused the collapse of all aras of creative economic activity and employment, is the primary driver of the flood of emigrants desperate to leave Mexico, to find some backup for themselves and their families in the United States (Small, 2005).Il court-ordered immigrants receive more from public monies than they contribute which lowers the standard of living for legal citizens. Illegal immigrants contribute greatly t o the overall population growth and health care, education and employment are the most impacted. Salaries are driven down by illegal immigrants willing to work for much slight while their children, illegal and legal, overcrowd the schools. Its the U.S. taxpayer who is sent the bill for their health care services as well. In addition, the large influx of illegal aliens burdens the already inadequate flesh of units classified as low-priced housing and other welfare resources such as energy, water and land usage (Illegal Immigration, 2003).Illegal immigrants have already broken the law upon arrival into the country and a considerable number break more including selling drugs, theft, murder, rape, etc. while in the country. The cost to the federal court and prison system alone in 2002 attributed to illegal aliens was $1.6 billion. This does not include the costs to state judicial and punishable institutions. It costs Arizona, for example, $80 million to jail illegal aliens yearly. A ccording to a 2002 report by broom MacDonald of the City

Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Economic harvest-tide - Essay ExampleHowever, the United States still displays the highest festering rate in this period as shown in the left panel of Figure 2. The rest of the world also displayed increasing give riseth rate, but at a much slower pace than the seven biggest economies which resulted to a wider gap between the real gross domestic product per person among these countries as shown in the right panel of Figure 2.The rest of Asia, on the other hand, as represented by Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan South Korea, and China also showed tremendous gains in their economies as shown by their real GDP per person return depicted in Figure 3. China, the worlds newest economic superpower, showed an exponential growth in its real GDP.A question, prompted by the above, is what are the underlying causes of economic growth Furthermore, why is it that some countries grow faster than others Is trade a major engine of economic growth Or is it foreign direct investments A major goal of th is paper is to debate the effectiveness foreign direct investments and trade in procreation economic growth, and in the end answer the question on whether development countries are right to increasingly work shift resources towards captivateing foreign direct investment rather than promoting trade in their objective to achieve economic growthAdmittedly, these questions moldiness be answered amidst ... The shift in economic policies is often on the reallocation of economic resources to finance activities pitch toward attracting foreign direct investments rather than the other needs of those nations.Figure 3 Economic Growth in AsiaSource See Figure 2Economic theories postulate that, for economic growth to be forbidding economies must pursue three activities - these activities generate ongoing economic growth saving and investment in new capital, investment in human capital, and discovery of new technologies. From these three activities emerged different economic growth theories, however, these theories are not the topic of this reading, but rather foreign direct investments and trade.International trade promotes the developing of comparative advantage in the global economy, allows for the trade of similar goods - for example, United States imports automobiles and at the same time exports other types of automobiles, the diversity of taste of people is given an outlet, and economies of scale is enhanced. Trade has a very principal(prenominal) intent in promoting and sustaining long term economic growth that foreign direct investment doesnt (Kurgman and Obsfeld Marrewijk, Ottens and Schueller).Nonetheless, the role of foreign direct investment in the development process can not be underscored either. Hence, developing countries had shifted a considerable amount of their resources into attracting foreign direct investments or FDIs. For example, in the Sub-Saharan Africa, governments have shifted policies to attract FDIs. Fiscal holidays and tax holidays are awarded generously to investors. Moreover, investors often require that the country improve its property rights in favor of the FDI and improve

A Business Research Proposal of British Airways

A line of credit of British Airways - Research Proposal ExampleThe role of kindly media is very critical in instantlys market, as business are desperate of attracting new customers and retaining the new ones as there is escalate competition in the market share of the customers (Kaplan & Haenlein 2010, 63).The airline industry is one of the most competitive markets in the service sphere of influence. Major airline operators in the industry are fighting to not only scan the needs of their customers but also in tracking their level of satisfaction with their services (Prokesch 1995, 109). As a result, the utilization of modern social technologies in reaching the customers has become a fundamental practice to call forth competitiveness among key players in the industry. A key player in the airline industry in the United Kingdom is the British Airways that owns about 47 per cent of UK airline market share (Mills 2003, 17). The spirit of the research study is focusing on the role of the social media on the British Airway social club as tallyt of the companys Customer Relationship Management strategy (CRM).As a result of the low differentiation of the services offered in the industry, the airline industry has become one of the markets under(a) stiff competition in the service sector. As a result, major firms operating in the sector are adopting devise innovative strategies to improve their relationship with their customers through the Customer Relationship Management systems (Belobaba et al. 2009, par 1). The social media has developed to be one of the most effective and convenient platforms due to its popularity where customers are engaged, and communicating is also enhanced. CRM has been related to understanding the needs of the customers and addressing them in a timely manner thus social media plays a key rolein enhancing effective CRM (Verhoef 2003, 33). In regards to the to the intensified competition in the

The relationship between marijuana and juvenile delinquency Essay

The relationship between marijuana and juvenile delinquency - Essay illustrationBased on transactional analysis theory, in the case at hand, it can be deduced from the physical and comminuted evidence that my boys wizard has committed the following criminal assaults trespass to put in, theft, and illegal will power of picklocks. Trespass to dwelling is committed by a per tidings who shall enter the crime syndicate or dwelling of a nonher without the latters prior consent. In the case at bar, the mere presence of my sons friend privileged the house (which is presumed to have been closed and temporarily inhabited as non even a single resident physician was found thereon at that time) raises the premise that he is wicked thereof. At that time, no one could have given him the permission to come inside the house as there was no legitimate occupant was there at that time. His being my sons friend doesnt in any way legitimize his intrusion into the house without invitation or prior permission.My sons friend is also presumed guilty of illegal possession of picklocks. I must consider commencement ceremony the point that I am very sure, non one in the house has ever had a picklock nor uses the same. The fact that my sons friend was able to enter the house without the assistance of anybody, or any occupant from within, should be considered in relation to the presence of picklock found on the counter very near to the place where I found him. Common sense would indicate that the picklock could have been used to open the house verge in order for him to gain entry thereon. It is not needful though to actually see him in the act of using it as mere possession is sufficient to incriminate him.Theft could also be considered against him in relation to my jewelries which I found lying in the counter next to him. Of course, I should be careful with the fact that neither I nor anybody from my family in the house had put the jewelries there. Besides, jewelries are n ot normally placed in or near the kitchen but inside the bedroom. For example, if I usually keep my jewelries inside my bedroom cabinet, the mere fact that they were taken outside the cabinet (where they should be), already consummates the crime of theft. The jewelries need not be successfully taken outside the house because the thief has already exercised control over the subordinate jewelries when he took them outside the bedroom cabinet where they are kept. There is no other logical presumption that could be made on the information of the presence of my jewelries in the kitchen beside the culprit whose presence in the house is under question.On the other hand, the fact that he smells of marijuana is not sufficient to indict him for violation of the law on prohibited or regulated drugs. On this aspect, the intervention of a professional is necessary in order to properly determine his condition. If it is positive, then he is guilty thereof. If it is negative, then he is not. I can not rely entirely on my intuition as I may not be considered an estimable in determining the smell of marijuana.Based on the facts given and discussion above, I will do the following First, I will call the police right away. This is for the

The Merchant of Venice and Shylock Offering Essay Example for Free

The Merchant of Venice and Shylock Offering Es avowMany different people can be good or blue or might seem good but actually bad or the other way around. In The merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, shylock, the cash lending Jew, is seen more like a villain then a victim. Shylock is a villain because he cares more or so(predicate) his capital then he cares nearly his daughter, he is not merciful towards shylock and hewants a batter of flesh from Antonio for hi retaliate. First of all shylock is a villain because he cares more about his ducats then his daughter, Jessica. Shylock cares more about his money then his daughter because when Jessica left home with Lorenzo, that she plotted to elope with, shylock was really screwball because his daughter left but mostly he was sick because she left with a lot of money and his jewels. This shows that shylock is a villain since he cares more of his money then his family and family should always be more important than money . Solanio is saying what he heard shylock say in the streetsMy daughter O my ducats O my daughterFled with a Christian O my Christian ducats rightness The law My ducats and my daughterAnd jewels-two stones, two rich and precious stones,Stoln by my daughter Justice note the girlShe hath the stones upon her, and the ducatsIn this quotation Solanio is saying to Salerio what he heard shylock saying in the streets of how insane he was of his daughter leaving with all his money. This quote is shylock talking to tubal about Jessica leaving I would my daughter were jobless at my foot, and/ the jewels in her ears would she were hearsed at my foot, /and the ducats in her coffin.(III.i.79-81). Shylock is mad that his daughter left him with his money and would want her to be dead in front of him to get his money and have all her ducats from her coffin. This shows that Shylock is a villain since he would go to the extent to wanting her dead for his ducats.Shylock is also a villain because he was not being merciful towards Antonio. When Shylock valued his hammer in of flesh from Antonio shylock was not being merciful he really wanted that hammering of flesh from him. Portia disguised as a lawyer even tried to tell shylock to be give compassion but he did not want too. Shylock believed more in the legal expert but the Christians want mercy. This quote is shylock refusing to the duke of being merciful I have possessed your floor of what I purpose,/And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn/ To have the due and forfeit of my stick around shylock I telling to the duke that I will keep my baffle and that no matter what this is his bond and he will keep it no one can convince him. Portia and Shylock are discussed about mercyIn this quotation shylock does not want to give mercy to Antonio and Portia says that you cannot receive mercy if you do not give some. As you can see Shylock is a villain since he is not merciful at all. Finally shylock is a villain because he wants a pound of flesh from Antonio since Antonio did not pay him back. The only reason the Shylock wants a pound of flesh from Antonio is for revenge and if you get a pound of flesh taken t here are many changes you will cloy which were Shylocks intention to get Antonio to die so he gets his revenge for spitting in his face and having to lend money to other people intimacy free and that made Shylock lag money.This is Shylock saying that Antonio miss treats him and he hopes to lend money from Shylock Fair sir, you spet on me on Wednesday last/to you spurned me such a day another time/you called me a dog(I.iii.126-128) here Shylock is mad at Antonio and wants revenge so makes a deal that he makes the bond interest free but if Antonio does not pay back he will need to give a pound of flesh to Shylock.This quote is Shylock offering to Antonio the money interest free but to a lower place the condition of one pound flesh if he does not repay in time expressed in the condition, let the forfe it/be nominated for an equal pound/Of your fair flesh to be cut off and taken(I.iii.151-153). Shylock wanted revenge towards Antonio for what he had done so he made this bond this proves that shylock is a villain In conclusion, Shylock is a villain since he does not care about his daughter more then his money and he wants revenge on Antonio by getting a pound of flesh. Like you can see in the merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, Shylock is seen as a horrible man. People are good or bad those this cockeyed they were born that way or you get bad or good later on in life.

The House of Commons Essay Example for Free

The House of Commons EssayIn the House of Commons on may 27, 1919, Sir Robert stated that the establishment has taken no sides in that dispute. But he also observed that the government occupied a position different from that of the private employer.He asserted that if the needs of the people as a whole are to be regarded we cannot have in this country a complete flutter of public services founded upon such reasons as have been put forward by the postal employees of Winnipeg, and he announced with some satisfaction at the close of his speech that seventy of the postal employees have returned to consort and no difficulty has been experienced in filling the places of those who have not returned. He made no mention of the cost of living as a cause of the strike but did recognize the want of arriving at a definition of collective bargaining acceptable both to capital and labour.The attitude of the underlying government on this subject is of great importance, as it meant that Ottawa gave wholehearted support to the employers and governments at Winnipeg. On June 6, although in that respect had been no serious violence, Mayor Gray banned completely parades and forbade the congregation of crowds. On the similar day the Dominion Parliament passed, with a remarkable economy of time, an amendment to the Immigration Act, which extended to British-born subjects the Acts provisions concerning conveyance by executive order.This amendment, which was the cause of considerable resentment in organized labour groups across the country, passed all three readings in both Houses and received the royal assent in less than an hour. Its significance commit in the fact that it implied that the leadership of the strike was not in the hands of European-born aliens-an implication now definitely proven correct. This was the stage reached in the development of the strike when Woodsworth arrived in Winnipeg on June 8.As he approached the metropolis across the prairies, stoppi ng frequently to fulfil his speaking engagements, he kept himself as well certain close the strike as was possible from outside. He was anxious to use whatever influence he might possess in the city to bring forward a conciliation move, but discovered that there was, by that time, practically no chance of success, chiefly because of the insistence upon cessation of the strike before further negotiations, and the blunt refusal to admit the right of a general strike on principle.Almost this instant upon his arrival, Woodsworth wrote a letter which was published in the Western Labor News, stating his own position and attempting to define the situation. In this report he returned with great emphasis to one of his earliest established concepts, the sin of indifference. Learning in much detail the preceding developments of the strike, Woodsworth concluded that the general public, or at least that part represented by the Citizens Committee and the three governments, was not prepared to concede any of the strikers claims.Thus there appeared to be no alternative save for the workers to refrain from work to the limit of their resources, and to educate as many of the people on the sidelines as possible. The governments, he considered, were pursuing a course perfectly incompatible with the traditions of British liberty and, to amount to his reasons for supporting the strikers, he was fully in sympathy with the goal of industrial collective bargaining.He immediately threw himself into the fray, appearing with strike leaders and outside sympathizers, to address mass meetings in Victoria Park, and helping to procession funds for strikers families. As he observed at close quarters the evolution of the strike he became increasingly convinced that the real plot was not the revolution allegedly sponsored by the One enormous Union advocates, but the concerted actions of the Citizens Committee and the three governments to suppress the whole idea of industrial trade union ism and the sympathetic strike.Woodsworth continued to support the strike vigorously, speaking both at the Labour Church meetings and those of the soldiers parliament. He had completely identified himself with the movement a week after his arrival. Probably Woodsworth sensed the turn that events were about to take and yet was prepared to maintain his stand, since the conduct of the strike itself was distinctly non-violent. Although startled, he was not dumbfound by the sudden descent of the full force of government power upon the strike leaders.In the earlier hours of June 17, the Royal North-West Mounted Police raided various homes in Winnipeg and made ten arrests. The men indeed apprehended were hustled away in motor cars to Stony Mountain Penitentiary, and the books, records, and seditious documents discovered in their homes or at the Labor Temple were stored away for use at the trials. Four of the men arrested were foreigners who were later dealt with summarily by the Immigr ation Board, and who apparently had no intimate connection with the strike leadership.The arrests constituted a really heavy blow at the strike, robbing it of its most vigorous leadership and depriving it of the directors of its chief source of news and exhortation. As soon as Woodsworth heard of the arrests he conferred with his close friend Fred J. Dixon and the two men decided to let out at least part of the threatened disaster by carrying on the labour newspaper themselves.

Roman Aqueducts and Architecture Essay Example for Free

Roman Aqueducts and arcitecture shewRome had many famous achievements. The two different ones that I found most interesting to me were the aqueducts and architecture. bowl this day, it is still unknown when and where the first aqueduct was built. Roman Aqueducts Person in charge The first person in charge of the Roman waterworks in 33 B. C was Marcus Agrippa. What they are They are channels that hold up through the water, that are conducted to the place where it is being employ. The tunnels were dug through the rocks and other canals that are in the earth. Materials that were employSome of the materials that the Rome used to build the aqueducts were masonry, concrete, cast iron, steel, or wood. If the gravity was working the greatest, they would use pumps to press out the water through. Facts There would be much more aqueducts built when the cities were growing. When there were dry lands, the aqueducts would also depict the water, so the crops could be watered. Rome was known to have a lot of aqueducts and was the only city with a good water supply. Nine total aqueducts were said to supply 85 million gallons of water a day to the cities or where it was needed.Years later five more aqueducts were built. In Rome, 200 cities had aqueducts. Roman Architecture Most famous buildings they built were They were post and lintel, but they were limited in the weight it was to carry, and the span amidst the supports. Facts The Roman Architecture changed all this and advanced this by introducing new methods of architecture The Columns and The Arches. With these methods the romans were able to construct larger temples and buildings than ever before.They built three types of columns during their long history, but the most basic column that they built was called the Doris Style. The features they used were not perfect or even looked good, but they served a good purpose. The arches they used gave the power to stick to and glorify, but also the main use was the immense support. The Pantheon was the largest dome built for eighteen centuries. Their idea of the arch was too extended in the middle ages with the barrel vault and different types of vaults which was the central theme of the Romanesque and chivalric Cathedrals.To construct the arches they used cement, which this helped the Romans expand their building. When they built the Coliseum, they used concrete along with their arch system when they were building it. Using this method they were able to build a four story high stadium, which was able to commit 50,000 people. . (UNRV History) A famous Roman aqueduct, the Pont du Gard near Nimes, France, stands as a reminder of one of the worlds greatest empires. At its peak of power, in the A. D. 100s, the Roman Empire covered about half of Europe, much of southwest Asia, and the sexual union coast of Africa.

Attractive Nuisance Essay Example for Free

Attractive Nuisance EssayWhether Sherman, chthonian the taking nuisance doctrine, will likely prevail against Carlisle for double injuries he sustained in a fall from woody steps of a channelise field of operations in disrepair while trespassing upon Carlisles shoes when (1) Carlisle was sensitive that the approach surrounding his p roundrty was populated with children (2) a severe storm had damaged Carlisles belongings and exposed the previously secret guide abide (3) Sherman was six years of age at the m of his injury (4) Carlisle had little incentive to arrive repairs to the direct house prior to the storm because of its concealment (5) outright following the storm, Carlisle do arrangements with a contractor at a full(prenominal)er than medium rate to return repairs to his stead and (6) Sherman was enticed to disgrace Carlisles land by construction materials and xanthous caution memorialise and was incognizant of the shoe point house until entering u pon the property. Statement of FactsCarlisle has contacted our office seeking advice regarding an action against him for injuries suffered by a neighborhood boy, Sherman, while Sherman was trespassing upon his property. You have asked me to determine whether Sherman crapper prevail by proving Carlisle liable for his injuries.In 2005, Carlisle purchased Fieldst nonpareil, a devil-acre estate sixty-five miles southwest of d holdtown Miami. Carlisle anticipated that his newborn York ground company would expand into Confederate Florida and that he would eventually settle at Fieldst ane. However, due to increased demands from his New York business, Carlisle has rarely spent more than than two or three days at a time at Fieldstone, with long stretches in between.The estate, at the time of the incident, had been poorly maintained for quite some time and the bet onyard was vastly overgrown. Its unkempt author appealed to Carlisle, however, as he looked forward to clearing the gro unds himself. He was likewise intrigued by an abandoned guide house on the property that appeared structurally sound although in need of some repairs to its floorboards and slatted steps. The head house was completely hide by decades of overgrown foliage.Furthermore, Carlisle, who valued his privacy, was pleased that the property was protected by a risque wooden fence, which concealed the residence, the yard, and the tree house from neighbors and passersby. Because of the tree houses concealment and the protective cover of the fence, Carlisle decided that the tree house did non require warm repairs. None of Carlisles neighbors were aware of the tree house on his property.In October 2009, Fieldstone was severely damaged by a storm that swept the Florida coast. The back fence was weakened after being jarred by an uprooted tree and high winds stripped away roughly of the foliage that had concealed the tree house. As a result, the tree house was now visible from deep down the property, although it was still hidden from outside view. Carlisle made immediate efforts to hire work crews to make repairs. However, due to general damage across the greater Miami area, demand for services was extensive and most local contractors were charging very high rates. After contacting several contracting services, Carlisle finally made arrangements with a Broward County contractor, although at a higher(prenominal) than median(a) rate.Less than two weeks after the storm, a subcontractor delivered building materials to Fieldstone and stacked them in the backyard. The work crew would be available in two or three weeks to begin repairs. In the meantime, Carlisle took short-term measures by placard several no trespassing signs conspicuously about the exterior and interior of his property. He also ran yellow caution tape around the tree house and building materials. Carlisle because returned to his business in New York.The next day, Sherman and three other neighborhood boys , all five to six years of age, were playing in an alley behind Carlisles property when their ball accidentally crashed into Fieldstones weakened back fence, respite the slats and creating an opening to the yard. The children could see into the yard and were immediately attracted by the yellow caution tape and building materials. Upon entering the yard, they discovered the tree house. The tree house was inaccessible further for a frayed piece of rope that had once been part of a ladder.The rope was beyond the r for each one of Sherman and the others, so they swung themselves over the lower branches of the tree to reach the lower landing of the tree house. They successfully managed to hoist themselves onto the lower landing from where they began to run along the labyrinth-like walkways and steps in a race to reach the top of the tree house. Sherman was caterpillar track ahead of the others but tumbled when one of the worn slatted steps splintered and gave way. Sherman fell a long distance to the ground and sustained multiple injuries.DiscussionThe cute nuisance doctrine is based on the fundamental fact that children do non possess the same judgment or ability to recognize risk as adults. Johnson v. Wood, clv Fla. 753, 21 So. 2d (Fla. 1945). Its purpose is to afford the trespassing child, where the elements of the doctrine are met, the same protection, prevailing the principles of ordinary negligence that would be afforded an invitee on the premises. Martinello v. B P USA, Inc., 566 So. 2d 762 (Fla. 1990). The burden of proof is upon the plaintiff to demonstrate that each element of the attractive nuisance doctrine is satisfied. Id. at 764. If the plaintiff proves each element of the doctrine, the suspect is then liable to the plaintiff for injuries caused by an artificial take aim on the defendants property.Id.To establish attractive nuisance, a plaintiff must(prenominal) prove each of the following (1) the place where the condition exists is one whic h the proprietor knows or has reason to know that children are likely to trespass (2) the condition is one in which the proprietor knows or has reason to know and realizes or should realize will involve an unreasonable risk of preserveder or serious bodied harm to such children (3) the children, because of their youth, do not discover the condition or realize the risk involved in intermeddling with it or in coming within the area made risk of infectionous by it (4) the utility to the possessor of maintaining the condition and the burden of eliminating the jeopardy are slight as compared with the risk to children involved (5) the possessor fails to exercise reasonable boot to eliminate the danger or other than to protect the children and (6) the property owner entices the children upon the dangerous premises.Id. at 763.In this case, Sherman can easily prove that Carlisle knew or should have known that after the storm, neighborhood children were likely to trespass upon Fieldston e and that the tree house on the property was unsafe for children. Sherman can also prove that he was unaware of the risk involved in come up the tree house because of his junior age. It is incredible, however, that Sherman can prove Carlisles burden to eliminate the danger was excusable in comparison with the risk to children of climbing the tree house or that Carlisle failed to exercise reasonable care to eliminate the danger. And it is highly unlikely Sherman can prove he was enticed by the tree house to enter Carlisles property.A. Children Likely to TrespassTo establish the likelihood of trespass, a plaintiff must show that a land owner knows or should know that the premises are in a neighborhood where young children of immature years play and that they will be attracted to the premises. Carter v. Livesay Window Co., 73 So. 2d 412 (Fla. 1954).Sherman can implore that Carlisles awareness of children within his neighborhood is sufficient for a court to find this element met. Furthermore, although Carlisles property was not under construction per se, it was under repair in Carter, the court held that in a residential neighborhoodit is common knowledge that children are as prone to play around houses under construction as monkeys prone to climb trees. Id. at 413. Moreover, courts have found that the mere universe of discourse of children in a neighborhood where a dangerous condition exists is sufficient to retaliate this element. In re land of Starling, 451 So. 2d 518 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984) Ed Ricke Sons, Inc.v. Green, 609 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 1992).B. Unreasonable Risk to ChildrenA plaintiff can satisfy the risk element by showing that a possessor of land knows or should know that a condition involves an unreasonable risk of death to children. In re Estate of Starling, 451 So. 2d at 518. In In re Estate of Starling, the defendant was aware that children frequently trespassed upon his property to swim in an excavated pond. Id. The defendant in that case left an underwater pump running that caused the plaintiff to drown. Id. at 519. Because the pump was concealed within the pool and the plaintiff was unaware of its existence, the court held that the pump constituted a concealed danger equivalent to a man-made trap. Id.Sherman can easily prove that Carlisle was aware of the dilapidated condition of the tree house and that it was unsafe for children. Sherman can further argue that the worn and slatted steps of the tree house were as deadly to children as an extremely dangerous in pee hose of sufficient size and strength to thingumabob and hold a swimmer underwater, drowning him.Id. C. Inability to Realize Risk Because of AgeA central design of the attractive nuisance doctrine is to protect children of tender years by considering their inability to appreciate danger. Johnson, 155 Fla. 753, 21 So. 2d at 756. There is no definite age beyond which the attractive nuisance doctrine does not applyhowever, as the childs age increases, the condi tions become fewer in which there can be recovery. Lister v. Campbell, 371 So. 2d 136 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979). In Lister, the court concluded that the plaintiff, aged fourteen years and cardinal months, possessed sufficient ability to understand and appreciate the danger involved in diving into two feet of water.Id. at 137. Given Shermans young age, he can easily prove that he was otiose to realize the danger of climbing the tree house. Moreover, Sherman can prove that the warning signs Carlisle placed about his property were of no effect because in Nunnally v. Miami Herald Publg Co., 266 So. 2d 78 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972), the court renowned that written warnings were of virtually no consequence to a plaintiff two years older than Sherman. Id.D. hindrance of Eliminating Dangerous ConditionSherman will have bar proving that Carlisles burden to eliminate the danger of the tree house was slight as compared with its risk to trespassing children. Prior to the storm, Fieldstone was protected by a high perimeter fence that prevented trespass upon the property. In addition, because the tree house was concealed by foliage, no one within Carlisles neighborhood was aware of its existence. Given Carlisles busy schedule, it would have been inconvenient for him to make repairs that he regarded to be of low-priority. Therefore, Carlisles burden to eliminate the danger was far greater than the risk it presented to children based on a remote possibility of trespass.However, Carlisles burden shifted once the fence was damaged and the tree house was exposed by the storm. Carlisle then took immediate measures to eliminate the risk. By contrast, in Ed Ricke Sons, Inc., the Dade County lodging Authority was aware that over an eight-year period, a constantly renewed pool of scalding hot water satiny from a defective hot water in a public housing project was allowed to remain in an outdoors location easily accessible to children. Ed Ricke Sons, Inc. v. Green, 609 So. 2d at 508. This c ondition in the long run led to a child suffering burns over his entire body. Id. at 509. Analyzing this follow/ return element, the court concluded that the cost of eliminating this nuisance would have been slight certainly no more than the cost of installing a new hot water heater compared with the enormous costs of caring for the plaintiff child.Id. E. Failure to Exercise Reasonable CareA land owner has a duty to take reasonable precautions to protect children from injury when a dangerous condition exists upon his property. In re Estate of Starling, 451 So. 2d at 521. Failure to exercise such care makes the land owner subject to liability for bodily harm to the trespassing child. Id.In this case, Carlisle arranged for services with a contractor at a higher than average rate to insure that repairs were made as soon as possible. Additionally, Carlisle made good credence efforts to warn potential trespassers by placing keep out signs conspicuously about his property.Given these facts, it is unlikely Sherman can prove that Carlisle failed to exercise reasonable care.F. EnticementUnder the attractive nuisance doctrine, a child must be allured upon the premises of a land owner. Martinello, 566 So. 2d at 763 Concrete Constr., Inc., of Lake Worth v. Petterson, 216 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 1968). Should a child simply wander upon the property of another and suffer injury, absent an allegation that he was attracted by a condition existing within it, this element would not be met. Concrete Constr., Inc., of Lake Worth, 216 So. 2d at 222. Stated another way, if a child is injured by a condition other than the one that allured him to the premises and he is not allured to the condition causing his injury, this element cannot be satisfied. Nunnally, 266 So. 2d at 78. In Nunnally, a minor trespasser was chasing other children around a newspaper publishing building when he slipped and got his arm caught in a car transporter belt, resulting in injury. Id. The court rejected th e boys conduct under the attractive nuisance doctrine because at the time of the injury, the minor plaintiff was not allured or attracted tothe conveyor belt.Id.Moreover, it does not matter if a child is injured by a condition to which he is allured when that condition is different from the one that initially enticed him onto the property. Johnson v. Bathey, 376 So. 2d 848 (Fla. 1979). In Johnson, a child was allured to premises to collect purposeless vegetables, but once upon the property, his attention shifted to an irrigation ditch wherein he was subsequently injured by a concealed pump. Id. The court rejected the boys claim because there is no doubt that the child was not allured onto the premises by the existence of the pump, because he didnt even know about the pump until he had traveled some distance onto the property.Id.In this case, Sherman was attracted onto Fieldstone by yellow caution tape and construction materials. The tree house, though exposed after the storm, was not visible from outside the property. Therefore, Sherman could not possibly have been attracted by something he could not see. Sherman was unaware of the tree house until entering upon the property it follows naturally that he could not have been enticed by it. Since Shermans injuries resulted from running along the weathered steps of the tree house and not from running around the construction materials or caution tape, he will have great difficulty proving that this element is met.Sherman may argue that the tree house constitutes a concealed danger within Carlisles property. This argument, however, fails to satisfy the enticement element because concealed dangers must be contained within the condition of allurement. Mueller v. South Florida Water Management Dist., 620 So. 2d 789 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993). In Mueller, the plaintiff was injured when he ran into a concealed guardrail while riding his dirt hertz on the landowners property. Id. In this case, the tree house caused Shermans i njuries, but the tree house was not the condition that allured him to enter the premises nor was it a danger concealed within the caution tape and building materials, which were the conditions that initially allured him onto the property.ConclusionSherman is unlikely to prevail against Carlisle under the attractive nuisance doctrine because he will be unable to prove each of the six elements. Sherman can easily prove that Carlisle was aware that neighborhood children were likely to trespass upon Fieldstone after the storm, that the exposed tree house was an unreasonable risk to children, and that he was unable to realize the risk of climbing the tree house because of his young age. However, Sherman will have difficulty proving that Carlisles utility to maintain the tree house was slight, especially since Carlisles burden to eliminate the danger increased by way of a natural means the storm as opposed to his own neglect.Furthermore, Sherman will have difficulty proving that Carlisl e failed to exercise reasonable care due to the fact that he took immediate action to eliminate the danger, even incurring the financial hardship of voluntarily agreeing to a higher than average rate with a contractor to ensure the danger was eliminated as soon as possible. Lastly, it is very unlikely Sherman will prove that he was enticed upon the premises by the tree house because he was unaware of its existence until entering upon the property.It is for these reasons that a court is likely to find Carlisle not liable for Shermans injuries under the attractive nuisance doctrine.

Candide Characters Essay Example for Free

Candide Characters EssayIn Candide, the character called Pangloss is believed to be a parody of philosophers who spent their time idly wondering about the ball or debating points that name no real significance to life situations. For instance, Pangloss keeps on saying that the world is near despite all of the misfortunes that have befallen him.Many experts believe that Voltaire was also making fun at G.W. von Leibniz, a seventeenth-century philosopher who was part of a great movement called theodicy. This school of thought explains that evil exists in the world because they serve particular purposes. That even if the world is perfect because it was created by a perfect God, it is necessary to allow evil to happen. Its clear that Voltaire does not believe, homogeneous how philosophers did, that there is an inherent goodness in everything and that everything happens for a reason, even the bad ones.Setting The splendor of FranceIn this play, the setting could be defined as th e society, which is present at that time. In other words, some members of the nobility of France were part of Candides life, like Cunegonde and her brother. One example wherein Voltaire poked fun at this class is when he related that the barons sister didnt marry Candides father because he only had seventy-one noble lineages.Action Jacques DeathJacques, a good man who helped Candide and Pangloss, fell on a turbulent sea as he was rescuing a sailor. The sailor, kinda of helping Jacques to get back to the ship ignored the poor man, which resulted to his death. In this example, it would seem that Voltaire is parodying the Christian discourse of good overcoming evil. Here, Jacques did a good deed and was a good man but he died because of it. To resume to the mockery, Pangloss even said that the sea outside Lisbon was specifically created so that Jacques could drown in it.whole kit and boodle CitedArouet, Francois-Marie. Candide by Voltaire. Courier Dover Publications, 1991.Ward, Sel ena, and Jaffee, Valerie. Candide. Sparknotes Home Page. 21 July 2008http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/candide/index.html

Is Prejudice and Discrimination a Myth or a Real Life Situation Essay Example for Free

Is Prejudice and Discrimination a Myth or a Real life history Situation EssayPrejudice is a cultural attitude that rests on negative stereotypes about mortals or groups because of their cultural, religious, racial, or ethnic background. Discrimination is the active denial of desired goals from a family unit of persons. A category can be based on sex, ethnicity, nationality, religion, language, or class. More recently, disadvantaged groups now also accommodate those based on gender, age, and physical disabilities.Prejudice and discrimination are deeply imbedded at both the individual and societal levels. Attempts to eradicate damage and discrimination must thus deal with prevailing beliefs or ideologies, and kindly structure. Although there is no wide agreement as to the cause of prejudice and discrimination, there is a consensus that they put up a learned behaviour. The internalization of prejudice starts with parents and, later, teachersthe groups primary in the formatio n of attitudes within children.The media and social institutions change integrity prejudicial attitudes, giving them social legitimacy. In a sense, it is incorrect to speak of eradicating prejudice, since prejudice is learned. At best, superstar can reduce prejudice and discrimination. Society looks just about often to education and legislation to alleviate prejudice and discriminationfor reasons still not clearly known, inter-group contact al peerless is not enough to reduce prejudice. On one hand, multicultural education, whether direct or indirect, constitute the mainstay of educational efforts to eliminate prejudice.On the other hand, the furiousness on civil rights, enlightened immigration policies, and mandates for quota hiring are the cornerstone of legal approaches to alleviating the effects of prejudice and discrimination. The most overlooked area in resolving the problems of prejudice and discrimination lies in the web of close relationships where attested feelings of love can be fostered and strengthened. The private sphere may indeed be the last marge where a solution to the problems of prejudice may have to be found.

Drug Companies and Ethics Essay Example for Free

medicate Companies and Ethics EssayAfter exploreing pharmaceutical companies, I quickly realized this is a very disputable topic. Im non certain eithervirtuoso in legion(predicate) of these companies have very many chaste standards. Drug companies seemed to be very profitable from the researchers to the do do drugss reps that deliver gifts and sample meds to the doctors offices that run their medications. Many activists will argue that drug companies put themselves before human rights. Companies violate health link up human rights by prioritizing profits over peoples access to essential medications. Many large scale drug companies argue that they are proudly taking the stakeholder approach and striving to promote fair labor practices and non-discrimination in the workplace. They will excessively argue that the reason medication prices are so high is because of all of the research that is involved in developing a medication, while activists argue that meds are so expenis ve due to the merchandising they put into a drug in the first several years.I found researching the pharmaceutical companies to be very interesting. It was very hard to get past the negative controversies and debates to find anything verifying some any one company. However, I finally found one company in particular, Merck Co. that has taken responsibility and off-key around some negative press by developing a program that helps thousands of people.Lynch 2 Merck is one of the largest and most profitable drug companies in the world, but they have also been a attractor in a donation program that helps tierce World countries in Africa, South America and Yemen since the 1980s. Merck became one of the first drug companies to become cordially responsible by donating to countries that could not afford the essential medications postulate to pr level offt a disease that caused something as severe as blindness in hundreds of people. Their medication, Mectizan, taken each year can alle viate and has ultimately eliminated this disease in some countries. Since the 80s when Merck started this program many other drug companies have jumped on board. Companies such as Pfizer, Johnson Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline have all started taking social responsibility and are now donating through programs to these Third World countries.These companies are donating medications that our country takes for granted and that we may not need in our everyday life. Johnson Johnson donates a medication that rids their children of intestinal parasites while Pfizer donates Zithromax to eliminate trachoma. If it were not for these companies donating such large quantities of these drugs every year, millions of lives would be lost. I find it very interesting that the drug companies that many people complain about and that make millions a year in profits seem to also be able to do such wonderful things in these countries. I found many articles that complained about the CEOs and about the terrib le morals that some of these pharmaceutical companies are known for. I think that when it comes to morals and ethics people see what they want to see. Drug companies have had a full-grown name for many years so you dont see a lot of positive press and articles such as the one I found. It was actually refreshing to read about the drug companies that donate and the lives they save.Some of us may not agree with how these companies push their drugs into our doctor offices and we may even say that they do not practice great ethics, but it seems as if these companies are at least trying to keep a good name. I am certain that the people in these Third World countries are very grateful to the drug companies that donate because not only are these companies miserliness their lives but they are also saving the lives of their children.

Biological Weapons and Americas Secret War Essay Example for Free

biologic Weapons and the Statess Secret War EssayEach and every day, everyone is ex contractd to seeds. Despite our distaste for germs, nature has assure us that m either, possibly most of the germs we encounter ar not harmful, yet many be not entirely harmful, hardly insanely. Perhaps man spent most of his existence with transport any graduation exercise arrive at knowledge ab fall out germs, but man almost certainly has recognized that unseen germs shake unwanted cause. In antiquated times, battalion vox populi that germs came from demons or the gods. In ancient history, Hypocrites acknowledged that this was not true. From ancient times to the Black Death of the fourteenth century and on to the arrival of Columbus to the New World, germs killed millions of people. During the detestation of the fourteenth century, known as the Black Death, amply one third of all Europeans ar thought to have perished. Invisible at the time, germs much(prenominal) as bacteri a were first seen when Anton Van Leeuwenhoek noticed them with the conception of the microscope. crimson then, virtually germs argon so small that they could not be seen until the electron microscope was invented in the 1930s.Although seen for the first time, no defense against them was readily available until Dr. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. In the nineteenth century, aesculapian professionals take cared that taking precautions as elementary as washing ones give could reduce the likelihood of organismness infected by germs. In 1928, Alexander Flemming discovered that penicillin kills bacteria, a discovery that skill have helped the knowledge domain a decade earlier when an estimated 20 million people world wide poop outd from grippe.This staggering figure demonstrates just how deadly germs burn be, and vividly drives home the dangers of germs and their potential for wasting disease in state of war. Recent flushts likewise demonstrate the flumm ox for concern about the pervade of germs and the possible dangers of widespread germ war farthermoste. In 2003, fully two decades after the world first grew alarmed about the spread of the piece immunovirus (HIV) and the dangers AIDS that result, a Chinese man living in China became ill with an unusual type of pneumonia labeled severe acute respiratory syndrome (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).Although initially localized to China, SARS quickly spread throughout the world in just three months, another vivid illustration of the dangers of germ warfare. Those who power use germ weapons targeted at a particular enemy are not endangering their enemy. Germs do not recognize boundaries. This is one of the primaeval concerns the authors express in their support. Germs are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Although the vast majority of germs are probably harm slight, some dissolve invade plants and animals and make them sick and many are deadly.However, not all are harmful and some tush be beneficial. For example, some bacteria grow in our intestines and help us to incorporate nutrients in our bo be foresighteds from the foods we eat. Such bacteria are not cause for concern and not the subject of the authors book. Rather, authors Judith Miller, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad localize on biologic warfare and the deadly germs used in and/or trained for biologic warfare. This book is a revealing look at the biological weapons course of instructions that have existed in the US and Russia in the aside and might exist today.In Russia, for example, the program was Known to the Soviets as the Concern, Biopreparat the laboratories and plants that supposedly manufactured vaccines and other noncombatant pharmaceutical products was in fact a hub of Moscows germ effort, a vast network of secret cities, drudgery plants, and centers that stu go pastd and perfected germs as weapons. (p. 135) fleck atomic energy and the potential to develop and use ther mo atomic power for armed forces purposes was the novel weapon of the 20th century, the comparable weapon of this century may be germ bombs and the affright of germ warfare.Germs are less costly to cultivate and develop than nuclear power, easier to develop and available to anyone with adequate expertise and laboratory facilities. Unlike the millions of dollars required to develop and design nuclear weapons, biological weapons are relatively inexpensive to develop and use. Developing an efficient mouthy system to use with biological weapons may be more than difficult than developing or cultivating deadly germs, but the tendency of people to move among themselves and the propensity of germs to quickly spread from one individual to another make germs and germ warfare a cause for concern.Of course, protective gear is required for their development so as to avoid contaminant during look into or use and to protect from accidents and wastes, but developing germ weapons is relatively easy and available. What are the cause of viral infection? Despite their minute size, germs are among the most deadly things in the ground of living things. The authors provide an example. In their scenario, the victims contracted the virus after eating in a restaurant. The contain cramps began later that day Two days later,(they) started getting ill by weeks end, thirteen of twenty-eight employees were sick. And oodles (more) called to complain that they had gotten violently ill. (p. 18) Germs are or lowlife be the cause of great illness and biological destruction and can cause death in numerous painful and undesirable ways. The spectrum of effects that can be attributed to germs ranges from very beneficial to mildly beneficial to mildly harmful and all the way to deadly. at once germs invade a body, they consume nutrients and energy and produce toxic wastes that act as poisons leading to any function of health puzzles. The beneficial germs are not what concern the author s.The authors message is that germs can be deadly and that governments have and probably still are developing germs specifically for use as weapons in military situations, and while that is of concern, the authors point out that other concerns are just as worrisome or of more concern. What if biological weapons developed by the military were to fall into the hands of terrorists? fifty-fifty though the substance to deliver biological weapons is difficult, in a terrorist act or even in a military situation, even an inefficient means of delivery can be sufficiently effective to be frightening and cause the rapid spread of germs.The germs can be spread by human interaction and contact. In situations of terrorism, germs can be sprayed or merely distributed by means of tiny vials. Once the spread begins, the germs can be more difficult to eradicate than they were to deliver even if only distributed in a small area. The problem then becomes how to contain the germs and pr fact their spre ad. General focus of the book Although the authors focus on the biological weapons program in the US, they also roll other elements of concern as regards biological weapons and biological warfare.They point out that research into the development and use of biological weapons has grown despite the deadly nature of the weapons and the reality that such weapons, like the gases used during World War I, are just as deadly and harmful to those who would use the weapons as to those who are the intended victims. It may be insufferable to protect victim or victimiser from the effects of biological weapons. The authors are concerned that on numerous occasions, the U. S. has considered using biological weapons despite the dangers they pose. just now the U. S. is not the only culprit.Other countries have biological weapons programs and some biological weapons have been used in the past. These weapons pose a curse for the future. During the Gulf War, for example, biological weapons develope d by Iraq posed a threat and they might, in fact still pose a threat. period U. S. went in search of nuclear weapons and set in motion none, the threat of biological weapons posed just as great a danger. The authors consider and compare chemical and biological weapons and outline the relative dangers of each. Authors view and why author feels this is important The authors make clear that everyone is contend with germs for use in warfare.During World War I, the combatants used mustard gas to kill the enemy, but they acquire that a temporary shift in the wind direction could result in deaths on some(prenominal) sides. While it is mayhap only a value judgment that germs are worse than nuclear weapons, cipher can deny that germs might be at least as bad. If the radiation pollution and effects of nuclear weapons can eventually for hundreds or thousands of years, how long could the effects of a living virus last and how are we to combat them perhaps not as long as nuclear radiat ion and perhaps not forever perhaps longer and even forever.Who can predict? What is to chequer them from infecting all parties? Of course, customary warfare is not the only reason for concern as regards biological weapons. Of particular concern are terrorists. The authors of this book review the problems associated with the intromission and existence of biological weapons manufactured by countries around the world. They point out that the biological weapons prepared for use in war are just as deadly and just as much of concern for their value to terrorist for use in acts of terror.Unlike nuclear weapons, both chemical and biological weapons can be easy and inconspicuously transported from one location to another by anyone. Even if the countries that have germ weapons have no intention of using them, who can prevent them from falling into the hands of terrorists. Terrorists have a death wish of sorts. Perhaps they breakt want to die, but they are exiting to die for their cause, and while no one can object to a person being willing to die for a cause, not all causes are for the benefit of humankind.In the hands of terrorists who dont care about anyone or anything but their cause, biological weapons pose an equal danger to everyone. Germs do not recognize boundaries, race, nationality or cause. Terrorists can but biological weapons just as they buy other weapons or manufacture them on their own. The authors guide biological weapons as the poor mans hydrogen bomb. Often, they are simple to make in a laboratory. sociological consequences from authors view Biological weapons are more than merely a military concern. They are a sociological concern and a concern to society in general.Perhaps the only reason biological weapons might not be of as great a concern as the concern surrounding nuclear weapons is that most terrorists might not have a proper means to spread contamination by biological microbes, but even with the limited use of a biological weapon, sto pping the spread of germs is complicated. Even limited use of such weapons can cause widespread contamination, especially during the initial period onwards anyone becomes aware that a biological weapon has been used and action can be taken to stop the spread of the microbes.Once released, stopping the subsequent spread of the biological germs is both a medical and a sociological problem. Sociology involves how people interact with people, and the widespread use of biological weapons would dramatically alter and restrict human interactions. Typical human interactions from one day to the next, from one moment to the next dictate that germs will spread quickly and rapidly become a global concern as was demonstrated with the SARS blast in 2003. Weaknesses and strengths of the bookPerhaps the books greatest weakness is adequately turning what can be through to prevent the further development and spread of such weapons. How can we prevent similar situations in other countries? Even if we could persuade the U. S. and Russia to abandon research and development of biological weapons, what can be done to prevent the spread and use of such weapons throughout smaller countries of the developing world? The authors do not pose viable ascendants for that problem and, sadly, there may be none.Signing treaties may alleviate fear, but treaties signed in public are small in secret. No one realizes they have been broken until it is too late. That, perhaps, is among the greatest concerns connected with this unblock. While the book is well written and adequately considers a number of important issues, the question as to how to prevent biological weapons from spreading is not adequately considered, perhaps because, in my view, openly signing treaties is no guarantee that anyone will adhere to what has been signed. That, therefore, is a concern, at least my concern.Yes, Americans could gear up pressure on U. S. politicians to stop research in and development of germ weapons an d germ warfare, but that wouldnt indispensable stop such research among terrorists. How can we really prevent germ weapons from falling into the hands of varlet countries and terrorists? The book addresses the issue, but no viable solutions are presented. Another concern, perhaps a major one, is the panache in which the authors pose or form their conclusions. For example, they ask, Is the threat of germ weapons real or exaggerated? Our firmness is both. This leaves the reader wondering what to conclude, or at the least leads the reader to wonder what message the authors are attempt to relay. Fortunately, this book is not designed to be an alarmist book, but rather to point out the threat before long posed by biological weapons and what can be done to minimize their impact in the event of a biological attack. Authors biases Of course, everyone has a bias and slant on everything. The authors slant their work on the dangers of germ weapons and ignore the benefits. Considering the true dangers, one might ask, Do germ weapons present any benefits in the long run? Certainly, no noetic person could blame the authors for ignoring the assumed benefits of germ warfare. For example, is it possible that just the threat that these weapons exist might serve as a deterrent to war? From my perspect, that question, although it seems logical, is foolish to the point of being ridiculous. Any weapon that is so deadly and sober that it cannot be used is useless because it leaves no rational options. Fail to use it and be destroyed. Use it and be destroyed. Those seem to be the options and, as you can see, they do not constitute an option at all.The final outcome is destruction. The authors explain, Once the rod-shaped bacteria entered a victims body, the invaders multiplied wildly over hours and days, damaging tissues and overwhelming rival bacteria. Their main weapons were toxins and sticky hairs The toxins caused the intestines to exude waves of weak fluid. (p. 19) By the end of the outbreak, nearly 1,000 people had been infected, medical facilities and module had been overwhelmed and infected individuals had moved around so as to spread infection. This is how viruses act on everyone, victim and victimizer alike.They create situations that overwhelm facilities, medical professionals and staff alike. On the other hand, if situations never come to the point where such issues pick up be considered, then the weapons and their creation were needless in the first place. So, the bottom line is not to develop such weapons at all. They pose many serious dangers and no real advantages. Personal experiences with Germs Like most people perhaps, my face-to-face experiences and berth on this issue involve no more than the common colds I occasionally get. Some are worse than others, but I am well away that people, me included, tend to take colds for granted.We assume that colds are things that generally come unexpectedly, last briefly and then go away. Most people fail to realize that colds kill and most people today cannot fathom the seriousness of the global influenza epidemic of 1918. It is give tongue to that so many American men being sent to war in Europe died from influenza that the virus actually posed as great or great threat of death than the war. My personal experiences with colds make it difficult to fathom this situation, but it also emphasizes the point that viruses kill and that even apparently simple and common viruses are of greater concern than we realize.Further research needed If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical attention after a biological attach may be useless since viruses can exert their lethal effect so quickly that many would die long before any effective interference could be deliver ed. Perhaps a research focus on preventing the spread of such weapons would be of greater value although certainly treatment should not be ignored.What treatment would there be, or could there be for newly developed biological weapons? While we cannot develop treatment for deadly viruses not yet developed, perhaps we can pursue research that would head off the development of such viruses. I feel that this is impossible because you cannot head off what you cannot even vaguely predict or foresee. Even as I consider this issue, it seems the possibilities of pursuing research that would provide medical cures for biological germs not yet developed is rather preposterous.In my view, research is not the answer to any of the problems except possibly treating the victims of the potential biological weapons we already have and the germs we already know exist, but what about protecting people from newly developed germs? Ultimately, the real solution appears to be finding a way to stop the deve lopment and use of such weapons. Certainly, that might be much easier said than done, but it might mean that the most effective medical research is sociological in nature.I dont like to view anything as being hopeless, but in this case, it seems to me that the greatest hope lays not so much in any type of research, but in finding ways for human beings to get along better. If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical assistance after a biological attack may be useless since viruses become resistant to any attack. In a sense, they are perfect fighting machines.This topic is of sociological concern because it indicates how important it is to find ways to address and deal with the social situations and problems we encounter as individuals and as countries. For example, not me ntioned in the book is that naive individuals might use viruses to vent grudges against other individuals. Personally, I am just as happy that this idea is not presented in the book because I would not want to give anyone foolish and dangerous ideas that would go far beyond affecting the intended victim, and perhaps that is a central message the book tries to convey as well.Germ warfare is not a strategy that assures national security but a dangerous idea that serves no valid purpose and assures danger, mayhem and widespread death. Books Relationship to Sociology its time value in Class Lectures. This topic has value in the class, but in my view, its value lies only in bringing the issue to our attention and allowing us to address the research and development of such weapons in America and perhaps Russia, China and the European countries.There is little we can do about terrorists or knave countries and certainly, showing too much concern for the creation of such weapons only incr eases the likelihood that terrorists might be foolish enough to use them. So, the question as to the value of this topic in class is questionable. Certainly, we need to be aware of the dangers of germs and take measures to protect against them and to prevent their spread, but that is mainly a health issue and it remains a health issue whether or not viewed from the perspective of sociology or medicine.Personally, I dont like calling undue attention to things we cannot control because it alarms people in a means that leads to a feeling of helplessness. Summary and conclusion In conclusion, this book vividly presents the dangers and concerns that surround germ warfare. While the book focuses on the biological weapons program in the US it points out that many countries are playing with this deadly idea and that developing countries view it as a poor mans nuclear bomb.Even so, from the authors perspective at least, biological weapons are much worse than nuclear weapons. In my view, per haps that is not true. While the methods (nuclear vs. biological) are different, in the final analysis, both cause great illness and (different types of) global pollution that will affect the world for decades, centuries, possibly millennia. In my personal view, I believe that surviving a biological war is more likely than surviving a nuclear war, but I find the idea of choosing between one or the other ludicrous. I feel that more people might die quickly and painfully with biological weapons than with nuclear weapons, but ultimately, I feel that the global pollution with nuclear weapons would be worse. It is a question of seeing a glass as half empty or half full.The idea that there is a difference or distinction is more or less an illusion. In the end, the only viable alternative is to completely avoid both. Choosing between the value judgment as to which is worse is a decision I would rather never take and it is also one that I wish no one else in the world had the opportunity to make. Yes, perhaps that is a naive view, but in the end, isnt that what you would probably prefer as well.ReferenceMiller, Judith, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad. (2002). Germs Biological Weapons and Americas Secret War. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY.