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There ar variant shipway in which we force away organise our thinking. These can be availful when we are nerve-wracking to improve our computer storage or when trying to rec all things from the past. The ternion ways I am most to explain are all identical in the way we organise our thinking, and can be a powerful aid to our memory. Each point is backed up with read to support this. One of the ways we organise our thinking is by victimisation genial insures. By forming a psychic image, we are thinking ab start something by constructing a intellectual picture of it in our mind.There are various ways of constructing mental images which can return to better draw off when trying to remember things. The mental image will give us a cue when we come to take backing the information. We will drive home spent time and crusade studying the information previously and formed an image which we will gravel fixed in our memory. This will then help us to recall the information mo re considerably. One technique for improving memory would be by using Mnemonics, which are based on the construction of mental images.An example of a mnemonic would be Never Eat sliced Wheat which would help us to remember North, East, South and West in the right order. A nonher technique for improving memory would be the observe al-Quran technique. The key record book technique is useful when trying to hold in a foreign language. To form the key term, you would find an English word or words that sound like the foreign word. Then you would consider a mental image of the key word, along with the English translation, and this would be the key word technique.To prove that this technique is successful, Michael Raugh and Richard Atkinson (1975) carried out an experiment on two groups of participants using the key word technique. The participants were asked to memorise sixty Spanish words, but only one group were taught to use the key word technique. The participants using the key word technique scored much higher than the participants that did not use it. An different way we can organise our thinking is by forming concepts. A concept formation is a way of organising our thoughts by putt them into categories.One example of this would be food which is a concept that has sub-concepts, such as fruit, meat and vegetables. We could then divide these sub-concepts into further sub-concepts for example, fruit would be split into pears, grapes, bananas, apples, etc. The use of concepts can improve memory by service us when recalling information by putting them into categories. Take a realistic situation for example, such as finding an item in a messy drawer. Trying to extract the item from the drawer would prove operose and would take quite some time to find.However if this drawer was organised into divergent sections, then it would be a lot easier to find what you are look for. We develop the corresponding system when using concepts to organise our thinking wh en recalling information, thusly improving our memory. An experiment to prove how concepts can improve our recall was develop by Weston Bousfield (1953). Participants were asked to learn sixty words that could be placed into foursome categories. The words were mixed up, but the participants seemed to remember the words more easily when knowing they could be grouped with other words in the same category.So taking the word cat, they would remember the words dog, mouse and rabbit. In similar experiments, by being given the category headings, most participants find that this gives them a cue to access more words. Finally, we can organise our thinking by using schemas. A schema is a mental framework of companionship about certain situations, objects, people, places and even yourself. Schemas are developed as a result of your experiences of the world and how you think about certain things. For example, if you were to think of the word hospital, your schema would include a list of ever ything you associate with a hospital.For example, hospital beds, the smell of cleaning fluids, ambulance sirens, doctors and nurses, etc. Schemas can help submit a cue to prompt our memory when coming to recalling information. We will realize stored the information in a specific category so that it can be recalled more easily. One example of this is shown in an experiment carried out by John Bransford and Marcia Johnson (1972). Participants were read a passage which described in detail the process of laundry clothes, however they were not told that the title was washing clothes.Many of the participants found that they had difficulty in understanding the passage and were ineffective to recall the details. However once the participants were given the title to the passage, this provided the schema which helped them to recall the information more easily. Although schemas are an efficient way of helping us to organise our thinking by providing a cue when recalling information, they c an excessively distort our recall and lead us astray. Evidence to prove this was carried out in a study by William Brewer (1981) to prove the distorting effect of schemas on memory.The participants were taken into an office and asked to wait for 35 seconds. They were then taken into another room and asked to recall the contents that they had seen in the office. Participants recalled the items that are trying on with a typical office schema however they had failed to notice other objects in the room such as a brick and a oppose of pliers, even recalling items such as a telephone which were not in the office. This study shows that we often adjust our recalled information so that it is in adjustment with our existing schemas.In some cases this could have a detrimental effect, especially if you have attestanted a crime and need to be called to give an eye witness testimony. When coming to recalling events that happened in the past, there is a chance that the gaps in your memory wi ll be unconsciously filled by inferences. In conclusion, mental images can improve our memory by forming a mental image in our mind, concepts by organising our thoughts and putting them into categories and schemas by developing a mental framework of our knowledge of our experiences.Each of these ways can give us a cue when we come to recalling information, thus improving our memory. However, although these ideas of organising our thinking may help us to improve our memory, they can also distort our recall and lead us astray.Word count = 1,095 References Spoors, P. , Dyer, E. , Finlay, L. and Marsh, G. (2011) starting with psychology, Milton Keynes, The Open University.