Literary Devices Essay Example for Free

Literary De vices EssayAlliteration Repeating the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. AllusionA figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, people, places, events, literary work, myths, or works of art, either forthwith or by implication. BildungsromanA type of novel concerned with education, development, and maturation of a young protagonist. Essentially, a Bildungsroman traces the formation of a protagonists maturity (the passage from childishness to adulthood) by following the development of his/her mind and character. Breaking the fourth wallAn author or character addresses the audience directly ( in addition known as direct address). This whitethorn acknowledge to the reader or audience that what is being presented is fiction, or may seek to extend the world of the business relationship to provide the illusion that they are include in it. An font is found in the film Ferris Buellers Day Off when the main c haracter speaks to the audience by looking directly into the camera. Chekhovs gunInsertion of an apparently inappropriate object early in a narrative for a purpose only revealed later.See foreshadowing and repetitive designation. Cliff-hangerThe narrative ends unresolved, to draw the audience rumpside to a future episode for the resolution. Deus ex machina (From Latin a machination, or act of god)Resolving the primary conflict by a means unrelated to the story (e. g. , a god appears and solves everything). This device dates back to ancient Greek theatre, but can be a clumsy method that frustrates the audience. This has come to mean that a force steps in to save the day or a helicopter shows up just as the hero must jump sour a building.EpiphanyA sudden revelation or insightusually with a symbolic role in the narrativein a literary work. world-class Person NarrationA text presented from the point of view of a character (esp. the protagonist) and written in the first person. Ofte ntimes, the first-person narrative is dropd as a way to directly convey the deeply internal, otherwise unspoken thoughts of the narrator. Occasionally this narrator can be seen as unreliable. In some cases, the narrator gives and withholds information based on his/her own viewing of events.It is an important task for the reader to determine as much as possible about the character of the narrator in point to decide what really happens. Important note See page 4 for point form recap. Flashback (or analeptic reference)General term for altering time sequences, taking characters back to the beginning of the tale, for instance Flash-forwardAlso called prolepsis, an interjected scene that temporarily jumps the narrative forward in time. Flash forwards often represent events expected, projected, or imagined to occur in the future.They may also reveal significant parts of the story that have not yet occurred, but soon will in greater detail. This has been highly popularized by several tele vision shows. ForeshadowingHinting at events to occur later. See also Chekhovs gun. Frame story, or a story within a storyA main story that organizes a series of shorter stories or a short story that is used within another to add meaning to the other. Framing deviceA single action, scene, event, setting, or any broker of significance at both the beginning and end of a work.HamartiaThe character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall. HyperboleExaggeration used to force out strong feelings or create an impression which is not meant to be taken literally. ImageryForming mental images of a scene using descriptive words, especially making use of the human senses. In medias resBeginning the story in the middle of a sequence of events. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer are prime examples. The latter work begins with the return of Odysseus to his home of Ithaka and so in flashbacks tells of his ten years of wandering following the Trojan War.IronyThis discrepancy be tween expectation and reality occurs in three forms situational chaff, where a situation features a discrepancy between what is expected and what is actualized dramatic irony, where a character is unaware of pivotal information already revealed to the audience (the discrepancy here lies in the cardinal levels of awareness between the character and the audience) and verbal irony, where one states one thing while meaning another. The difference between verbal irony and sarcasm is alright subtle and often contested.The concept of irony is too often misunderstood in popular usage. Unfortunate circumstances and coincidences do not constitute irony (nor do they qualify as being tragic). Readers note Isnt it ironic? by Alanis Morisette contains several examples, but many of them are not ironic at all. JuxtapositionUsing two themes, characters, phrases, words, or situations together for comparison or contrast Narrative hookStory opening that hooks readers attention so hey will keep rea ding OverstatementExaggerating something, often for accent (also known as hyperbole) OnomatopoeiaWord that sounds the same as, or similar to what the word means, e. g. , boom or squish OxymoronA term made of two words that deliberately or coincidentally imply each others opposite, e. g. terrible beauty ParadoxA phrase that describes an idea composed of concepts that conflict. A good example occurs in the first sentence of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens It was the best of times, it was the worst of times (1).ParodyRidicule by overstated imitation, usually humorous, as in MAD Magazine ludicrous fallacyReflecting a characters (usually the protagonist) mood in the atmosphere or inanimate objectsfor example, the storm in William Shakespeares King Lear, which mirrors Lears mental deterioration. PathosEmotional appeal, one of the three modes of persuasion in empty words that the author uses to inspire pity or sorrow towards a charactertypically does not counterbalance the target characters suffering with a positive outcome, as in Tragedy.PersonificationUsing comparative metaphors and similes to give living characteristics to non-living objects. Plot twistUnexpected change (twist) in the direction or expected outcome of the plot. Poetic justiceVirtue ultimately rewarded, or vice punished, by an ironic twist of fate related to the characters own conduct Self-fulfilling prophecyPrediction that, by being made, makes itself come true. Early examples include the legend of Oedipus. There is also an example of this in Harry Potter.SatireThe use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices. Sensory detailImagery, sight, sound, taste, touch, smell Stream of consciousnessTechnique where the author writes down their thoughts as fast as they come, typically to create an interior monologue, characterized by leaps in syntax and punctuation that trace a characters fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. An example is Ul ysses. SymbolismApplied use of symbols iconic representations that carry particular conventional meanings.

Pressure Ulcer Assessment and Management | Reflection

jam Ulcer Assessment and Management ReflectionChitse Wheeler Albon expositionThe purpose of this reflection is to contemplate on the captious incident that brought to my attention regarding the wring ulceration mind and program line of staffs in c be home. Utilizing a critical incident as a way of reflecting involves the identification of comportment deemed to have been fractionicularly subsidiary or unhelpful in a given maculation (Hannigan, 2001).I am working in a nursing home in unit catering elderly mentally ill invitees. We have 25 residents most of them suffers from dementia. One incident happen to a 90 year old male client with dementia who was double incontinent and has been bed qualify due to recent fall that have resulted him to have a fractured hip. He had a history of hypertension and angina 4 years ago. Through discover this attempt I will referred the client to Mr. X to protect his identity and maintain confidentiality abiding the guidelines set by the nurs e and Midwifery Council (2014)I observed rubor on the sacral atomic number 18a of Mr. X while doing personal sustenance for him with another staff. According to European Pressure Ulcer Advisory ( EPUAP) guidelines, it was grade 1 compress ulcer as there was intact skin with non-blanchable redness. He is to a greater extent helpless against pressing damage, as his skin has ended up more delicate and more slender with age (NICE 2014). The nurse in charged was informed regarding our observation. She assessed the pressure area of Mr. X and told to staff that he needs to be assisted in changing his position every 2 hours and application of barrier cream during pad change.The next day, it was reported in the hand everywhere that Mr. X developed a grade 2 pressure warms, a partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow ulcer open ulcer with a red pink ache. (EPUAP 2014). It also conveyed that the night staffs have not turn him for more than 8 hours and never completed th e positional chart. The worst was Mr. C was the fourth resident with pressure ulcer in the unit.FeelingsI felt confident because I have prior association regarding pressure sore management and can share this to other care staff for better care for residents with pressure ulcers. However, I was shocked with what I heard in the handover and felt sorry for Mr X that in less than a day he incurs grade 2 bedsores. The effect of pressure ulcer to him and the amount of botheration he was dealing. Pressure ulcers can result in clients limited functions, emotional anguish, and agony from pain. (Nelson et al 2009). According to Purshotaman (2013), pressures to bony areas in a 1 to 6 hour period can result to pressure ulcer and shear and friction also act as a synergy to acquire wound in clients who are malnourished, incontinent, bedridden or mentally disturbed. And within 24 hours or it take up to 5 days for pressure ulcer to develop.It was unacceptable that there are four residents who ha ve pressure sore at the same time thus reflecting the quality of care rendered to clients. Pressure ulcer taproom involves an interdisciplinary approach to care. To achieve it, it requires coordination, organizational culture and operational practice that uphold teamwork and communication.EvaluationPressure ulcers, otherwise called pressure or bed sore, are restricted areas of skin damage as a result of underlying destructed tissue brought on by excessive pressure stopping blood hightail it and bringing on an absence of oxygen and supplements to tissue cells. plaintually tissue cells die causing ulceration. The vital factors that leads to accumulation of pressure sore includes clients medical condition, medication, malnourishment, age, deprivation of fluid intakes or dehydration, incontinence, lack of mobility, skin condition and weight. The external influences that hasten its occurrence are pressure, shearing force, friction, moving and handling and moisture.There are several(p renominal) risk of infection judgement tools available to use to determine the level of client having pressure ulcer which I have been familiar during my learning process. These exceeds are the Norton scale, Braden home plate and Waterlow scale. The most common scale adopted in my work place was the Waterlow scale. It includes additional factors such as age, nutritional status, skin type and disease in particular those affecting circulation. The score should be determined during admission of the client, but it is an on-going process and must be carried out whenever a significant changes arise from clients condition ( L. Nazarko,2009).Even though the Waterlow scale identifies more risk factors than the other two assessment tools and widely use across the United Kingdom, it has still be criticised for its ability to over predict risk and ultimately result in the misuse of resource.( Edwards 1995 Mcgough, 1999).Most of the scales used have been develop based on opinions of the imp ortance of possible risk. It world power get different scores from nurses assessing the same clients (L. Nazarko, 2009).The predictability of these tools been challenged because it might over or under predict the risk of a person having pressure sore, gaining expensive comprise of implications as preventive equipment is put into place that might not always be necessary.(Frank et al, 2003). Although the Waterlow scoring system includes more objective measurements like the carcass locoweed Index ( BMI ) and record of weight loss. It is still indefinite whether the reliability of the tool ratings has improved by these additions. It has been recognized that this is a fundamental defect of these tools and due to this clinical judgement must always avow the conclusions made by the results. The aims of the Pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are to quantify and measure the risk of a person to have a pressure ulcer. To be able to determine the quality of the measurement, the evaluatio n of validness and reliability should always take place. However, the limitation of the validity and reliability of the pressure ulcer risk tools are generally recognized. According to EPUAP (2014), the solution to overcome these problems is to combine the scores of pressure ulcer risks tools with clinical judgement.In the studies of pressure ulcer tools, there have been few endeavours made to analyse, the diverse pressure ulcer risk assessment strategies. Pancorbo Hidalgo et al (2006) distinguished three studies, researching the Norton scale compared to clinical judgment and the effect on pressure ulcer frequency. From these studies, it was inferred that there was no confirmation, that the danger of pressure ulcer incidence was lessened by the employment of the risk assessment tools. The Cochrane audit (2008), set out to focus, whether the utilization of pressure ulcer risk assessment, in all health care settings, reduced the frequency of pressure ulcers. As no studies met the c riteria, the authors have been not able to answer the survey question. At present there is just feeble proof to support the legitimacy of pressure ulcer risk assessment scale tools and obtained scores contain fluctuating measures of estimation lapse.According to NICE (2014) guidelines, a client who is at risk having a pressure ulcer must be assessed within six hours of admission. However, Mr. X has been in the nursing home for years, his assessment should have been on-going as he was prone to develop it. During the assessment, a skin inspection must be completed on the most vulnerable areas the bony prominent part of the form like the sacrum, heels, elbows, shoulder, back of the head and toes and other parts of the body where shear or friction could take place. Pressure ulcers are assessed and graded tally to the extent of damage of the tissue. The European and US National Pressure Ulcer Advisory panels (EPUAP and NPUAP) together with the Pan Pacific Pressure damage Alliances (PP PIA) release the in style(p) International Pressure Ulcer guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. Its an evidence based recommendation for the prevention and treatment that can be used throughout the world in any health care setting by health care professionals. Pressure sores are categories from stage I to IV depending on the tissue damage. Addition to these, are two other categories the unstageable pressure ulcers and suspected deep tissue injury (EPUAP-NPUAP-PPPIA International Pressure Ulcer Guidelines 2014)The assessment implement used throughout my area of work, is the Waterlow Scale.The utilization of the Waterlow implement enables, the nurse to assess each patient according to their individual risk of developing pressure sores (Pancorbo-Hidalgo et al 2006)The tool uses an amalgamation of core and external risk factors that contribute to the development of pressure ulcers.. Nutritional assessment and screening tools like getting the Body Mass Index (BMI) are also utilized in the home for managing patients who are at risk of or have a pressure ulcer. The EPUAP (2014) recommends that as a minimum, assessment of nutritional status should include regular weighing of patients, skin assessment, documentation of food and fluid intake. Even so there are policies and procedures in place for management and prevention of pressure ulcer there were still a prevalent occurrence of pressure sores in the unit.AnalysisThe staffs knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention and management plays a very vital role. However, the lack of health care staffs education and learnings and documentation resulted to numbers of patients having pressure ulcers in the unit. All health care professionals must receive relevant training and education regarding pressure ulcer risk prevention and management (NICE 2014).The information, skills and knowledge, gained from these training sessions, should then be shared down to other members of the team and embedded to practice. And all health care staffs involved in the care of clients with pressure ulcer needs to be updated on policies, guidelines and the latest patient educational information according to NICE guidelines (2014).Effective communication between staffs in the care of Mr X could have played a major role to make his pressure sore healed quicker and not worsen. Pressure ulcer prevention and management is a collaborative effort. The nurses should have taken the lead and make sure that the information about the course of care actions towards pressure ulcer management of Mr X has been disseminated to all staffs during the shifts which can be done during the handover. The nurses as leaders of the unit must take other staffs to join on board towards the same direction on a certain goal of clients care.As a student nurse, I have previous knowledge and reckon about the pressure sore care and management before but the NMC(2014) oblige that I, to be a registered nurse in the United Kingdom, need to ta ke an appropriate action to update my knowledge and skills to maintain and develop competence to safe practice. To be able to be competent, I need to acquire risk assessment skills while pose in my NMC code of conduct. I was able to assess and observe the redness of the sacral area of Mr X and have reported it immediately to the nurse in charge. Through this positive action of care, the nurse has provided immediate nursing care to Mr. X.ConclusionThere is a proof that demonstrates that pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are valuable and useful when utilized as an aide for the obtainment of equipment. Then again, they cant be depended upon solely to give a holistic care to clients. It has been highlighted, that to guarantee holistic assessment of clients, it is important to complete a combination of assessment to be able to create a complete picture clients health. In spite of the fact that The Waterlow scale covers various variables that need to be considered all through the asse ssment process, it has become apparent that the at risk score, can frequently be over or under scored relying upon the health care practitioners clinical judgement. Clinical judgment has turned out to be, a vital part of pressure ulcer prevention and management. The education and effective communication of the patient, relatives, carers and nurses has likewise been highlighted, as a critical part of consideration. change the patient with data in regards to their ailment, may diminish the mending time and prevents further concerns.Action PlanTo prevent and minimize the number of pressure ulcer staffs must attend training regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management. They should be also familiarizing with the policies and procedures when pressure ulcer is noticed so that if the same experience occurs in the future they familiarize the actions to be follow.In addition, health care staffs must be mindful that communication, teamwork, support and supervision have a spacious role to improve the quality of care of pressure ulcer management. Reporting, Supervision system and empowering staffs to confidently complete forms like positional charts, food and fluid charts and body map can be effective and a good way to improve communication between staff and for continuity of care of clientsAs a catalyst of change, I should be a role model to other staffs by abiding with the standard of care rendered with clients and promote their best interest by educating my colleagues and having effective communication between staffs and clients. However, not all staffs are willing for change. Change takes time but as long as there is a continuous education and system of good practice in place and staffs can see the results and benefits for clients, others and for themselves, more or less change can happen.ReferrenceNazarko, L. and Nazarko, L. (2002). Nursing in care homes. Oxford, UK Blackwell Science.National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Pane l and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance.(2014) Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers Quick Reference Guide. Emily Haesler (Ed.). Cambridge Media Perth, Australia.Nice.org.uk, (2014). Pressure ulcers prevention and management of pressure ulcers Guidance and guidelines NICE. online Available at http//www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg179 Accessed 5 Jan. 2015.Nice.org.uk, (2014). Pressure ulcers prevention and management of pressure ulcers Guidance and guidelines NICE. online Available at http//www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg179 Accessed 5 Jan. 2015.Bryant, R. and Nix, D. (2012). Acute chronic wounds. St. Louis, Mo. Elsevier/Mosby. Pancorbo Hidalgo et al (2006)McCabe, C., Timmins, F. and Campling, J. (2006). Communication skills for nursing practice. Basingstoke England Palgrave Macmillan. (Hannigan, 2001).E. Purshotaman.(2013) 2013 International gathering on Biological, Medical and Chemical Engineering (BMCE2013. Lancaster, Pennsylvania DEStech Publications, Inc E. PurshotamanAno n, (2015). 1st ed. ebook Available at http//www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/long-term-care/resources/pressure-ulcers/pressureulcertoolkit/putoolkit.pdf Accessed 6 Jan. 2015.Nazarko, L. (2009). Nursing in Care Homes. New York, NY John Wiley Sons.

Interrelationship Between HRM and an Organisation

Interrelationship Between HRM and an OrganisationINTRODUCTIONThe aim of this assignment is to take in the interrelationship between Human imaginativeness Management (HRM), an nerve and its environment. This essay will cover four main topics which will be discussed in detail. front crack is The Strategic HRM with reference to Armstrong and Long (1994). Second interpreter is Policies and practices with reference to Devanna, Fombrun Tichy (1984). Third part is challenges in human imagination planning and fourth part is stages in planning process.Human imaginativeness focussing is defined as a tactical and coherent approach to the group of an plaques more or less cherished assets the people working at hand who individually and collectively contribute to the accomplishment of its objectives. Boxall et al (2007) illustrates HRM as the management of subscriber line and people en route for desired ends. Strategic HRM is an approach that explores how the organizations goals will b e fall upond throughout individuals by means of HR strategy and incorporated HR policy and practices.Strategic human resource managementStrategic HRM addresses broad organisational concerns relating to changes in structure and culture, organizational effectiveness and per somaance, matching resources to future requirements and the management of change. overall it will consider any major people issues (Armstrong and Long 1994)Pak and save is best kn avow as a supermarket retailer for grocery goods in NZ. It believes that they deport a variety of work policies to make certain that their workforce is as representative of the wider community.(Bized.co 2012) For changes in structure and culture employees usually has several options of employment including part measure, flexible contracts for retail employees, job sh be, enhanced maternity leave/pay, paternity leave, special leave for personal development. (Bized.co(2012).It may be well argued that in some cases the human feature is over and done in relative to how they deal with people, leaving most employees unhappy creating a high staff turnover which harms organisational performance. It is whence a great importance that individuals as opposed to just workers want to be managed in a way that dependable with broad organisational requirement such(prenominal) as effectiveness. Mainly organisational efficiency relies on theyre being a fixed fit amongst human resource and demarcation strategies. Overall strategies illustrate the world-wide intentions of the association about how individuals must be managed on which potions must be taken to make sure so that as far as mathematical workers be dedicated, inspired and occupied. All operations regard quality as an important part whereby customers find is easy to judge the operation. As far as customer satisfaction is concerned, the empirical findings demonstrate that most of respondents are satisfied with the overall level of performance of their most preferred supermarket while others are impersonal and dissatisfied. Department managers and staff are accountable for the way they communicate and conduct business within the organization. It engages the staff in learning and training techniques to improve their own management skills to sustain up the everyday challenges of the working environment. Matching resources to future requirement for Pak and save is by keeping communicating support to employees. The employer develops clear goals, expresses the follows commitment so that staff idler work hard and achieve them, it assigns responsibilities such as training job analysis etceterato designated staff members to achieve their set goals, and it ensures that assigned responsibilities are fulfilled. Also it provides appropriate resources for future. Management of change is adapting of knowledge to increase its capabilities. In order to keep Pak and save competitive it has to take in strategic changes. It enables the organization to widen their services and provides the customers diverse options. It enables the customers to derive information about various products and services.Policies and PracticesThe formulation of HRM policies and implementation of personnel practices and results must be found on fundamental philosophies of controlling behaviour and employee relationships.Often referred to as the original model of strategic HRM the matching model developed by Devanna, Fombrun Tichy (1984) shows how HR policies and practices are inextricably linked to the formulation and implementation of strategic corporate or business objectives. This model emphasises the need for tight fit between HR and business strategies but also recognises the role of external forces and environmental circumstances in determining just what an organizations mission and strategies might be. HRM is a top-level performance concerned with setting board directions and strategies. In this model planning is used. There is logical approach to th e plan and organization of HR systems based on an employment policy and staffing strategy often underpinned by a philosophy. HR policies and activities are matched to some explicit business strategy.The mile model shown recognises the external and internal forces of HRM as a triangle. Management decides the mission and strategy, it designs the organisational structure to meet the strategy and mission, and integrates and organises HRM to fit in with the structure and to fulfill the mission and strategy. The mission, strategy, organisational structure and human resource management stacknot operate in isolation. They also need to respond to the external forces of politics, economics and culture. Once these have been taken into account, managers can commence to plan the human resource system. The Michigan model is based on strategic control, organisational structure and systems putting place for managing people. (Blog spot 2012). It explores the need for human assets to be managed to achieve strategic goals. motivation and rewards are important but only as a means of achieving the organisational mission and goals. Economic forces that affect Pak and save are income, inflation, recession and interest rate. policy-making forces are either positively or negatively depending on the existing circumstances in the country. It mostly forms the outside factors which are a fraction of the macro-environment which controls the aptitude of individuals. Cultural forces are dealing with different ethnic groups of people for lawsuit like in Pak and save we deal with all kinds of races like asian, polynesian etc. Mission and strategies is the description of what the organization does. Every staff members actions in Pak and save express the mission statement by the behaviour and military strength in action. Organisational structure of any organization will vary upon the size and type of business. In retail store (Pak and Save) creates a variety of divisions for every ill-te mpered function along with many layers of management. It has employees consisting of a manager, assistant manager and sales associates.An organisation operating hard HRM would aim to have a rational fit among the organisations strategy, structure and HRM systems. The management style would see employees as a means of achieving business goals, and employees would be valued only if their worth had a positive effect on business strategy. The hard model of HRM is much closer in its philosophy to free market thinking with the use of hi predict, firing and cost-cutting to ensure that the human resource is fully utilised.Challenges in human resource planningHuman Resource Planning (HRP) could be expressed as a procedure by which the organization ensures the right progeny of people and right kind of people, at the right place, at the right time doing the right things for which they are recruited and positioned for the accomplishment of goals of the business.(Mullick.H 2013). It is a proced ure of deciding what positions the firm will have to fill up, and how to fill up them. (Mullick.H 2013).It also determines HR needs of the organization in the context of its strategic planning. Human resource planning is a continuous process. According to Dale S Beach (2013) Human Resource Planning is a procedure of determining and assuring that the business will have an satisfactory quantity of skilled people on hand at the appropriate time, performing jobs which meet up the requirements of the enterprise and which give satisfaction for the people involved. Some of the challenges of HRP are firstly, Economic and Technological Changes which is shift jobs for developing and to examine industries and telecommunications, pressures of global opposition cause firms to adjust by lowering costs and rising production, growth of information technology (Thomson Business Professional Publishing.(2005). Secondly, Workforce Availability and Quality which is short contribution of employees wit h required skills for knowledge jobs, education of workers in basic skills. Thirdly, Growth in Contingent Workforce which is Increases in short-term employees, independent contractors, leased workers, and unpredictable staff members caused by necessitate for flexibility in recruitment levels, greater than before trouble in sacking usual workers, reduced legal answerability from contract workers.(Essays.com 2013) Fourthly, demographics and diversity Issues which are more diversity of race, gender, age and ethnicity. Fifth, balancing Work and Family such as dual-career couples, adept-parent households, decline in the traditional family, working mothers and family/childcare, single employee backlash against family-oriented programs. Lastly, Organizational Restructuring, Mergers, and Acquisitions which is Right-sizingeliminating of layers of management, closing facilities, integrating with other organizations such as Intended results are flatter organizations, increases in production, quality, service and lower costs, expenses are subsister approach, loss of employee loyalty, and turnover of priceless workers. HR managers must work in the direction of ensuring cultural compatibility in mergers.Stages in Planning ProcessHuman resource planning is a strategy for the acquisition, utilisation, improvement retention of an organizations human resources.(Scribed Inc 2013).It is the procedure of analyzing and identifying the requirement for and accessibility of human resources so that the business can meet up its objectives. There are six steps in this approach first is strategic business plans .The organizations mission and strategies form the foundation for all human resources planning. By analysing the strategies and plans managers gain a clear view of the organizations directions and to be able to find out what type of organizational skills and technique are essential to achieve strategic goals and planned targets. Relation to Pak and save supermarket uses strateg ies to attract attention of consumers and to increase the sales. Different techniques are implemented so that they can achieve the goals and managers are being guided by the store manager on how planning has to be done prior to the activities. Secondly, human resource requirements the organization must plan how it will organize and manage the work involved. Whether it is necessary to change the structure of the organization and how the workload can be distributed. This stage involves job design, job analysis and person profiles. For example in Pak and savethe store manager instructs the department managers on their duties and the managers assign their department staff members duties. On checkout department, my manager instructs on which shifts I should be working and tells in detail on how the job should be done. Thirdly human resource handiness The supply side of the equation requires equally carefully analysis. It involves the assessment of the organisations current human resour ces stock and the prediction of movement likely to occur in future. For example in Pak and savethe stock is ordered before a day so that shortage doesnt arise and by having available stock all the time makes customers happy to do shopping rather than discouraged to come in store. For future it shows a positive view for the customers and the job is secured for the staff members. It is the estimation number and value of customers necessary to gather future desires for the business. Fourthly, assessment of human resources needs is comparing human resources needs with existing resources is at the heart of HR triple-crown planning. It covers internal and external sources of supply.Fifthly action planning which involves planning of organizations current human resources and its future needs which are preparations of new organizations charts, job descriptions, and job evaluations, development of recompense management plans, performance appraisal, career development and counseling activiti es. Sixthly, implementation and monitoring Implementation and monitoring The planning effort can be wasted if the resulting plans arent carefully implemented and monitored. HR planning however is not a static or one time exercise. It is a continuous process which requires continual checking and adjustment as circumstances and needs change, at the quantitative level, supply and demand forecast should be updated from time to time. At the quantitative level in that respect is need of checking required so that the recruitment selection, development and training, retention activities and downsizing plan.ConclusionThe aim of this assignment has been to investigate the connection between the function of an organizations HRM within its wider strategy. This essay argued that the development of strategic HRM in the literature is a clear indication and also provided a literature review of item areas for developing strategic approach to HRM.Reference Armstrong, M and Long, P (1994) the Real ity of Strategic HRM, Institute of Personnel and Development, London.Bized.co(2012). Sinsbury Case Study. Retrieved from http//www.bized.co.uk/compfact/sainsbury/sainsindex.htm?page=15Blog spot.com (2012). Michigan model. Retrieved fromhttp//paulooliveiramartins1967.blogspot.com/2012/11/unit-1-michigan-model.htmlDale.S.(2013). What is Human Resource. Retrieved from http//www.whatishumanresource.com/human-resource-planningFombrun, C., Tichy, N., Devanna, M. (Eds.). (1984). Strategic Human Resources Management. New York John Wiley.Mullick.H(2013).Human Resource Planning. Retrieved fromhttp//www.slideshare.net/HARENDRA_MULLICK/human-resource-planning-10503057Rudman, R. (2000).Human resources management in New Zealand.(4th ed.).Auckland, New Zealand Pearson Education New Zealand LimitedScribd Inc. (2013).Human Resource Planning. Retrieved fromhttp//www.scribd.com/doc/37546102/Human-Resource-PlanningSingh, S (2013). Human Resource (handout). Auckland, New Zealand Aotearoa Tertiary Insti tute Diploma in Business.Thomson Business Professional Publishing.(2005).Nature of human resource management. Retrieved fromhttp//www.cob.sjsu.edu/virick_m/bus150_slides/Ch1.pptRetail.com(2013). Organisation. Retrieved fromhttp//retail.about.com/od/staffingyourstore/a/organization.htm?vm=rvm=rUK Essays.com(2013).The Current and Future Conditions of HRM Management. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/management/the-current-and-future-conditions-of-hrm-management-essay.php

Classical View On Corporate Social Responsibilities Business Essay

Classical placement On Corporate brotherly Responsibilities Business EssayThe perceptivity of sustainability is both(prenominal) in the sense of achieving enormous-term conquest and as survivability of a corporation (Zink, Steimle Fischer 2008,). Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2003) conceive corporations as channels of social purpose, constructed in spite of appearance society to attain useful social objectives. Henceforth, corporate social province commits a significant role towards the sustainability of corporations. Both corporate social responsibilities and sustainability, and its related concepts influence all aspects of stock. Chandler and Werther (2010) acknowledge the understanding of corporate social responsibilities as an determination to define the future of our society.However, the apprehension of corporate social responsibility determines the corporate governances. As the question arises, does practicing stakeholder caution aid corporations to be more sustainab le? In this essay, classical and contemporary view of corporate social responsibilities will be put into discussion before coming to a conclusion. In addition, theoretical mannikins and truly world corporate cases will be reason about in the respective governances.Classical View on Corporate Social ResponsibilitiesThe only social responsibility of business is to maximise profits Friedmans frequent saying.In reference to Friedmans classical view, the purposes for business to exist atomic number 18 for distributing products and services to society, and thereafter, for creating economic value which later generate profits for shareholders. Keinert (2008) trusts that the mangers are in control to maximise these receipts for shareholders, obligate by the employment contract as an agents for the shareholders of the firm, the principals. It is also emphasised by Zu (2008) that for classical management corporation has no interest in looking beyond profit maximation, with the exception of profit benefit activity. In another words, the primary election goal of business is profit, while corporate social responsibilities and ethical custom deem secondary. Nestle, Walmart, FordMotor, and Microsoft, sadly, are one of those big companies who practice this.WalmartWalmart, one of the biggest and well-known companies worldwide, has a record of relentless violated the right of its US workers and exploited the weak US labour laws thwarts summation formation, child knuckle down labour and even miserable the purlieual laws.Funds were invested to prevent employees from protesting their right due to the reduction of insignificant take-home pay and working overtime for zero pay. Employees and managers were brainwashed to oppose union from the moment they were employed. Surveillance, rapid response team and undercover spy were funded to monitor any union formation. Appendix 1 Suppliers of Walmart were pushed to neck up on their wholesale prices. Child slave labour was happeni ng in its manufacturing facilities abroad. Appendix 2 The environment friendly campaigns involved were all a fraud. Appendix 3 In 2008, Walwart admitted as much but provided limited responses however move its public relation effort.Agency TheoryWith the underlying of agency conjecture, principal-agent framework is popularly used in many corporations including Walmart. The principal usually offers incentives to the agent to perk them to act upon principals best interest. The practice of agency theory is constructive as many big companies sacrifice successfully climbed up the rank worldwide.The problem with principal-agent framework is that agent sometimes practice discretion to maximize their own advantage rather than of the principal. However, usually, agency cost motivates the agent upon acting on behalf for the principal much(prenominal) as monitoring costs, bonding cost and residual loss. With Walmarts bonding contracts, most employees were in dilemma. In Friedman argument, he claims that owners may establish objectives apart from profit maximization one example would be taking away money from its stockholders, employees or even customers. (Crane et al 2008) Despite over three hundreds billion in revenue and over ten billion in profits in 2007, Walmart with the conception to provide the best for consumers, dismissed the ethical customs towards its employees and stockholders. On book binding of that, in order to build its reputation, environmental concerns claimed were put aside.Though, Walmart is now sustainable and has picked up itself since then, consumers are still very concern and protesting against Walmarts corporate social responsibility.Contemporary View on Corporate Social ResponsibilitiesThe success of the corporation in corporate social responsibilities demonstrates how well it has been able to influence stakeholder concerns while executing its business model. Carroll relates corporate social responsibility into a four level pyramid economi c, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility, where his viewpoint is a hybrid between the classical and stakeholder view on corporate social responsibilities. (Chandler Werther 2010)Abreast the economic basis of activity, corporations are enacting similarly in Friedmans theory. Moving up the pyramid, the legal responsibility is its duty to respond within the legal framework. Stakeholders would upgrade anticipate corporations into fulfilling its ethical responsibilities. Lastly, under the philanthropic responsibility, corporations have be contend more proactive and enforcing strategic means that can benefit both the corporation and stakeholders. (Keinert 2008)However, with the ever outdated laws, will legal responsibility be accounted for when this happens? Or with ethical debates not written in black and white readable? be strategic means that benefit stakeholders are done with obligation? And with knowing ethic and doing ethic does not comes together. Questions like these arise there is no one who can answer it. Corporations, like Hitachi, who practises under Carrolls pyramid, might sometimes, deem to have hidden agenda behind the good intention.HitachiThe corporation was awarded by the non-profit Social Innovation Japan and supported by the Ministry of the Environment, also honoured with a Social Business Award. Concurrently, while in developing a tractor that could neutralises landmines and cultivates land, Cambodia was affected by the post-war. This further benefits the product. The machines were placed in affected population by mine camps to curtail critical injuries and deaths, while prepares land for their own sustainable futures. Appendix 8 Despite being awarded, Hitachi was engraft below social responsibility examination standard. Appendix 9Stakeholder View on Corporate Social ResponsibilitiesAn effective stakeholder management present a clear synopsis of societal expectations and a concrete foundation for a distinct and legitimate corporat e social responsibility approach (Louche Baeten 2006). Freeman relates stakeholders with business and stakeholders with ethics as they come together as the same thing. He emphasises on the fundamental human connection with the stakeholders, and it is a duty to take the effects of the business on stakeholders into consideration. (Stakeholders Are People 2009) Corporations are usually described as interconnected interest group, also known as ecosystem concept. UPS, Starbucks, Disney and Marks Spencer are the few sincere corporations that have strong believe and practice in corporate social responsibilities.United Parcel Service (UPS)According to CNN Money, UPS has been on Fortunes Most Admired list of top ten socially responsible firms for three consecutive years. (Gunther 2006) Beside heavily involve in global economy, with great corporate social responsibilities, UPS has been awarded with plenty of commitments towards its people and the environment as well. Appendix 4 many an(pren ominal) employees settle in UPS for more than 30 years regardless of their position as a driver or in the office. Many of them are immigrants and the poor, and some join after high school or college. Employees are provided with good pay, health-care benefits, tuition assistance, stock purchase plan, a chance to ascending and a share sense of purpose. Above all, the most recent, UPS supported numerals organizations towards humanitarian relief and road safety initiatives by awarding grants from The UPS Foundation. Appendix 5 Beside, in UPS, employees are further to volunteer and make a difference in their communities. Appendix 6 At the same time, UPS was awarded being the first in its industry with Leadership in Energy and environmental Designs Gold Status and Energy Star Certification. Appendix 7 UPS has shown a consistent stakeholder practice towards corporate social responsibilities.Stakeholder TheoryWith underlying of stakeholder theory, it can accumulate future emergence of co rporate social responsibility by determining and integrating financial and social concerns. In Freemans view, the intention will be better served and satisfied if corporations were to intend about stakeholders. Given the interrelationship with its stakeholders, UPS has shown great ability in responding effectively toward the stakeholders. (Freeman et al 2010) With UPS case, we can see that UPS has successfully sustained itself with the management of stakeholders.Utilitarian believes stakeholder management leads to the best consequences as it acknowledges stakeholders interests. However, Banerjee (2007) doubts the capability of stakeholder management due to its one-dimension and emphasising on utilitarian power withal ignoring the mechanisms that form and transform economic and social domains.In Kantianism argument, considering of stakeholder and exploitation of the individuals within the stakeholder are two different things. In another words, to use stakeholders to increase shareh older revenue would be ethically wrong. (Cooper 2004) In Kantianism term, questions arise, such as are the employees volunteering their hours willing or are they obligated to do so?In the debates about corporate social responsibility, Justice Ethic believes ethical responsibilities are not defined by the efforts of the righteousness in economic and legal terms, but in the pursuit of voluntary measurements of individual character. (Rendtorff 2009) In other words, the business virtues of UPS, are they formed to create stakeholder values?Strategic SustainabilityWhile there is increasing agreement that businesses need to embrace sustainability, research in the theories higher up, stakeholder management has be to be more sustainable in the global economic landscape.Freeman believes from each one of the stakeholders has a right not to be accounted for compromising end, and hence stakeholder fellowship is essential in order to determine the future direction of corporation. As each cate gory group places a major part in each other in term of harms and benefits as well as rights and duties.In return for labour, employees are given job security, wages, medical benefits, and meaningful work.By addressing toward consumers ask and satisfactions, corporate governance immediately satisfies the need of suppliers and shareholders. Usually the ethical of excellent consumer services and products carry over to the community resulting in good reputation.Stakeholder theory above proves to be a useful tool to assist a broad range of corporations to develop their sustainability portfolio and consistently create sustainability value in a long run.ConclusionCorporations exist in a sustainable model that enable people to effectively practice their expertise and create jobs, economic value and riches for the society and the corporation.With globalisation, corporate governance can have a huge impact on the society. Examples of Walmart and Hitachi showing their irresponsible ways of g overnance, with agency theory and stewardship theory lead to a bad reputation. Corporations are urging to reposition themselves towards a sustainable value portfolio and making stakeholder theory seems to be the most effective doer to ensure strategic sustainability.Pursuing the expanding frontier of corporate governance as social responsibility, with the effectiveness of stakeholder management within corporate governance, it may generate a more equitable global business environment.

I Want To Be a Teacher Essay -- Education Teaching Learning School Ess

Why I Want To Be a TeacherEducation is ane of the most essential possessions in life. It is necessary for success, and it provides an enhanced future. I believe that people, who do not get an education, are uninformed as to what is going on in their surroundings. The disadvantage is that people can abuse you for your lack of knowledge. People need to be educated to communicate effectively with other people who superpower have distinct points of views than theirs. In other words, education makes you more open-minded and acceptable to other ideas, beliefs, and values. In the United States, people are extremely well-situated because no matter what their age they always have the privilege of receiving the best education possible. In other countries, children have withdrawn from school at an primordial age because their parents cannot afford to pay for their education. This is very depressing because in the United States innumerable people take school for granted and give up equitable because they are lazy. They do not appreciate what they have and do not value education. When I was a child, my mother would constantly remind me about how measurable it was to have high expectations. My mother is originally from Central America. In her dry land, people are very unfortunate. She loved school and dreamed of nice a nurse. However, she had to yield school to help my grandmother, economically. She decided to come to America and to endow my brothers and me with the education she never had. For this reason, most of the things I have accomplished throughout my schooling are because of my mother. I always perform my best in everything I do because I want to make her proud. I know that through me her dreams are bonny a reality. I plan to ... ...bility over each one of your students. Good quality instructors are what society needs in order to make this country flourishing. Yet, I have heard many controversies over what an effective teacher really is . Although this was intimidating, it gave me more determination to work towards my goal.Another reason why I admire teachers is because not only do they facilitate childrens learning but they can aid their own children as well. I think that is something remarkable. I anticipate that in the future I will be able to be of assistance to my children with their homework and teach them how to be responsible citizens. Accomplishing my aspiration of becoming a professor will fill me with enormous satisfaction and pride. I know that completing my schooling will guarantee me a successful future. unaccompanied then will I prove that my mothers sacrifice was not useless.

Disease in the Middle Ages :: Health

In the Medieval and Renaissance time periods, health conditions were extraordinarily poor for the European nations. Many contrastive diseases and ailments arose to plague these unfortunate people. Luckily for them they had their much esteemed doctors, scholars and the highly religious clergy members to help rid them of their affliction. They offered solutions to the suffering souls seeking answers and a cure. Many of these illnesses were spread by prostitution, consumed grain, animals or too much of a bodily biliousness. It could be agreed upon that the medical education of these times were few and none.The most popular sickness of the pump ages was the four bodily humors. This physiological philosophy was brought about by Hippocrates, who was wrongfully regarded as the Father of Medicine. As history does, the ideas of great medical practitioners of ancient Greece were passed atomic pile through the Unani peoples to the Europeans. The four types of bodily humors are black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. The idea was that too much of one of these humors would upset the balance of a persons temperament. The humors were also associated with the four elements and seasons and have their own qualities. Yellow bile had the element of fire and the season of summer, it is said to cause irritability and anger and is characterized as heatable and dry. Too much phlegm or water would make one sluggish or lazy, its season is winter and its said to be refrigerant and moist. Black bile, having the element of earth and the season of autumn is said to make one sad and melancholic and is characterized as cold and dry. Next theres phlegm, associated with the element of water and the season of winter. Having too much phlegm results in apathy and is characterized as cold and moist.Lastly is blood, just like phlegm this bodily humor is somewhat self-explanatory. Blood, with the element of air and the season of summer, is said to bring about temperament and disposition an d is characterized as, of course, hot and moist. This is also where the term hot-blooded is derived from. These behavioral unbalances were case-hardened through diet, exercise, and activity prescribed to purge the body of the imbalanced humor. For example a person with the symptoms of yellow bile (hot and dry) would be treated by increase its opposite, phlegm (cold and moist). The patient would be told to take cold baths until the symptoms decreased, but if this prescription did not work they were told to take hellebore, a poison with the side effects of puking and diarrhea.

COMPARISONOF MILITARY LEADERSHIP THROUGHOUT THE AGES Essay -- essays r

COMPARISONOF MILITARY LEADERSHIP THROUGHOUT THE AGESNo attraction should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen no leader should fight a battle simply out of pique. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come over again into being nor can the dead ever be brought back to life. Hence the enlightened leader is heedful, and the good leader is full of caution.- Sun Tzu IntroductionTommy Franks, usual of the American Army states that soldeirs should have a high competance in their workplace, are caring, direct to their peers and sub-ordinates, hard and tough in in all conditions, thoughtful to the people of all and most importantly a leader. He states You would have to be a coward if you were a commander and you were not afraid for your men. Understanding that statement leaders is not the same in all levels. Majors and Leuitenant Colenels are not leading a section into battle, but on the flip side you codt see a lance corporal moving battalions stra gecally over the battlefield. This is the fact that leaders of all levels sometimes forget, that everyone in the army is a leader of some respect.Although there are obviously many inspiring leaders, although the following leaders chosen have different appraoaches to the way that they led their country. These leaders certify the way that you can bring a country from strength to strength with leadership skills. These include the up and down life of Sadaam Hussein, Triumph and loss of Adolf Hitler, the approach path from nothing to the conquering Napoleon and finally the comparison of the great to the poor leaders.This essay will enlighten the issues of leadership of well known leaders and equalize them with the text leader from the Australian point of veiw. It will also bring current leaders into a perspective to compare them with the leaders of yesteryear and supply an argument where they may have gone wrong.What is a leader?Australian Defence force definiton of leadership is lea dership is the continuous influencing and directing of men in tasks which they accomplish their willing obedience, confidence, respect and loyalty in the manner urged by the leader. Qualities of leadership involve leading by example with the use of the following traits Motivation, courageousness physical and moral, Decisiveness, Responsibility, iniative, integrity, judgement, knowledge, loyalty, selflessness ... ...e and has no integrity. Saddam did show a lot of initative though, ordering his armies into neighbouring countries and conquering them. On the other hand Napoleon and Alexander the ample are very similar in their leadership traits. This is because Napolean studied many battles of Alexander and moulded himself to act like the leaders of that era. Alexander was the break through of engineering with the long bow and cavalry, where as Napoleon proved Sun Tzu 1963, The Art of War (translated by S. Griffith), Oxford University Press, London, p.10 Most influential people of the world dor 2003. 2030 9th Jan 2004 driveway 10as supraLeadership Theory and Practice - greenas aboveSmall Unit leadershipRitter, S. and Riverspit, W. 2002, War on Iraq What squad Bush doesnt want you to know, Context Books, New York p. 5Harris, B. 2003, URL www.moreorless.au.com/killers/hussein.htm Ritter,Brevic, M 1999, Warfare Alexander the Great, Digital Attack p. 2URLhttp//www.pvv.ntnu.no/madsb/ shoes/war/alex/ General Failings URLhttp//www.insead.fr/mauborgne/newsppracticles/FT/FT%20General%20Failings%20061202.htmas aboveas aboveas aboveas aboveas aboveBrevikas aboveas aboveBrevic