Candide Characters Essay Example for Free

Candide Characters EssayIn Candide, the character called Pangloss is believed to be a parody of philosophers who spent their time idly wondering about the ball or debating points that name no real significance to life situations. For instance, Pangloss keeps on saying that the world is near despite all of the misfortunes that have befallen him.Many experts believe that Voltaire was also making fun at G.W. von Leibniz, a seventeenth-century philosopher who was part of a great movement called theodicy. This school of thought explains that evil exists in the world because they serve particular purposes. That even if the world is perfect because it was created by a perfect God, it is necessary to allow evil to happen. Its clear that Voltaire does not believe, homogeneous how philosophers did, that there is an inherent goodness in everything and that everything happens for a reason, even the bad ones.Setting The splendor of FranceIn this play, the setting could be defined as th e society, which is present at that time. In other words, some members of the nobility of France were part of Candides life, like Cunegonde and her brother. One example wherein Voltaire poked fun at this class is when he related that the barons sister didnt marry Candides father because he only had seventy-one noble lineages.Action Jacques DeathJacques, a good man who helped Candide and Pangloss, fell on a turbulent sea as he was rescuing a sailor. The sailor, kinda of helping Jacques to get back to the ship ignored the poor man, which resulted to his death. In this example, it would seem that Voltaire is parodying the Christian discourse of good overcoming evil. Here, Jacques did a good deed and was a good man but he died because of it. To resume to the mockery, Pangloss even said that the sea outside Lisbon was specifically created so that Jacques could drown in it.whole kit and boodle CitedArouet, Francois-Marie. Candide by Voltaire. Courier Dover Publications, 1991.Ward, Sel ena, and Jaffee, Valerie. Candide. Sparknotes Home Page. 21 July 2008http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/candide/index.html

Is Prejudice and Discrimination a Myth or a Real Life Situation Essay Example for Free

Is Prejudice and Discrimination a Myth or a Real life history Situation EssayPrejudice is a cultural attitude that rests on negative stereotypes about mortals or groups because of their cultural, religious, racial, or ethnic background. Discrimination is the active denial of desired goals from a family unit of persons. A category can be based on sex, ethnicity, nationality, religion, language, or class. More recently, disadvantaged groups now also accommodate those based on gender, age, and physical disabilities.Prejudice and discrimination are deeply imbedded at both the individual and societal levels. Attempts to eradicate damage and discrimination must thus deal with prevailing beliefs or ideologies, and kindly structure. Although there is no wide agreement as to the cause of prejudice and discrimination, there is a consensus that they put up a learned behaviour. The internalization of prejudice starts with parents and, later, teachersthe groups primary in the formatio n of attitudes within children.The media and social institutions change integrity prejudicial attitudes, giving them social legitimacy. In a sense, it is incorrect to speak of eradicating prejudice, since prejudice is learned. At best, superstar can reduce prejudice and discrimination. Society looks just about often to education and legislation to alleviate prejudice and discriminationfor reasons still not clearly known, inter-group contact al peerless is not enough to reduce prejudice. On one hand, multicultural education, whether direct or indirect, constitute the mainstay of educational efforts to eliminate prejudice.On the other hand, the furiousness on civil rights, enlightened immigration policies, and mandates for quota hiring are the cornerstone of legal approaches to alleviating the effects of prejudice and discrimination. The most overlooked area in resolving the problems of prejudice and discrimination lies in the web of close relationships where attested feelings of love can be fostered and strengthened. The private sphere may indeed be the last marge where a solution to the problems of prejudice may have to be found.

Drug Companies and Ethics Essay Example for Free

medicate Companies and Ethics EssayAfter exploreing pharmaceutical companies, I quickly realized this is a very disputable topic. Im non certain eithervirtuoso in legion(predicate) of these companies have very many chaste standards. Drug companies seemed to be very profitable from the researchers to the do do drugss reps that deliver gifts and sample meds to the doctors offices that run their medications. Many activists will argue that drug companies put themselves before human rights. Companies violate health link up human rights by prioritizing profits over peoples access to essential medications. Many large scale drug companies argue that they are proudly taking the stakeholder approach and striving to promote fair labor practices and non-discrimination in the workplace. They will excessively argue that the reason medication prices are so high is because of all of the research that is involved in developing a medication, while activists argue that meds are so expenis ve due to the merchandising they put into a drug in the first several years.I found researching the pharmaceutical companies to be very interesting. It was very hard to get past the negative controversies and debates to find anything verifying some any one company. However, I finally found one company in particular, Merck Co. that has taken responsibility and off-key around some negative press by developing a program that helps thousands of people.Lynch 2 Merck is one of the largest and most profitable drug companies in the world, but they have also been a attractor in a donation program that helps tierce World countries in Africa, South America and Yemen since the 1980s. Merck became one of the first drug companies to become cordially responsible by donating to countries that could not afford the essential medications postulate to pr level offt a disease that caused something as severe as blindness in hundreds of people. Their medication, Mectizan, taken each year can alle viate and has ultimately eliminated this disease in some countries. Since the 80s when Merck started this program many other drug companies have jumped on board. Companies such as Pfizer, Johnson Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline have all started taking social responsibility and are now donating through programs to these Third World countries.These companies are donating medications that our country takes for granted and that we may not need in our everyday life. Johnson Johnson donates a medication that rids their children of intestinal parasites while Pfizer donates Zithromax to eliminate trachoma. If it were not for these companies donating such large quantities of these drugs every year, millions of lives would be lost. I find it very interesting that the drug companies that many people complain about and that make millions a year in profits seem to also be able to do such wonderful things in these countries. I found many articles that complained about the CEOs and about the terrib le morals that some of these pharmaceutical companies are known for. I think that when it comes to morals and ethics people see what they want to see. Drug companies have had a full-grown name for many years so you dont see a lot of positive press and articles such as the one I found. It was actually refreshing to read about the drug companies that donate and the lives they save.Some of us may not agree with how these companies push their drugs into our doctor offices and we may even say that they do not practice great ethics, but it seems as if these companies are at least trying to keep a good name. I am certain that the people in these Third World countries are very grateful to the drug companies that donate because not only are these companies miserliness their lives but they are also saving the lives of their children.

Biological Weapons and Americas Secret War Essay Example for Free

biologic Weapons and the Statess Secret War EssayEach and every day, everyone is ex contractd to seeds. Despite our distaste for germs, nature has assure us that m either, possibly most of the germs we encounter ar not harmful, yet many be not entirely harmful, hardly insanely. Perhaps man spent most of his existence with transport any graduation exercise arrive at knowledge ab fall out germs, but man almost certainly has recognized that unseen germs shake unwanted cause. In antiquated times, battalion vox populi that germs came from demons or the gods. In ancient history, Hypocrites acknowledged that this was not true. From ancient times to the Black Death of the fourteenth century and on to the arrival of Columbus to the New World, germs killed millions of people. During the detestation of the fourteenth century, known as the Black Death, amply one third of all Europeans ar thought to have perished. Invisible at the time, germs much(prenominal) as bacteri a were first seen when Anton Van Leeuwenhoek noticed them with the conception of the microscope. crimson then, virtually germs argon so small that they could not be seen until the electron microscope was invented in the 1930s.Although seen for the first time, no defense against them was readily available until Dr. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. In the nineteenth century, aesculapian professionals take cared that taking precautions as elementary as washing ones give could reduce the likelihood of organismness infected by germs. In 1928, Alexander Flemming discovered that penicillin kills bacteria, a discovery that skill have helped the knowledge domain a decade earlier when an estimated 20 million people world wide poop outd from grippe.This staggering figure demonstrates just how deadly germs burn be, and vividly drives home the dangers of germs and their potential for wasting disease in state of war. Recent flushts likewise demonstrate the flumm ox for concern about the pervade of germs and the possible dangers of widespread germ war farthermoste. In 2003, fully two decades after the world first grew alarmed about the spread of the piece immunovirus (HIV) and the dangers AIDS that result, a Chinese man living in China became ill with an unusual type of pneumonia labeled severe acute respiratory syndrome (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).Although initially localized to China, SARS quickly spread throughout the world in just three months, another vivid illustration of the dangers of germ warfare. Those who power use germ weapons targeted at a particular enemy are not endangering their enemy. Germs do not recognize boundaries. This is one of the primaeval concerns the authors express in their support. Germs are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Although the vast majority of germs are probably harm slight, some dissolve invade plants and animals and make them sick and many are deadly.However, not all are harmful and some tush be beneficial. For example, some bacteria grow in our intestines and help us to incorporate nutrients in our bo be foresighteds from the foods we eat. Such bacteria are not cause for concern and not the subject of the authors book. Rather, authors Judith Miller, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad localize on biologic warfare and the deadly germs used in and/or trained for biologic warfare. This book is a revealing look at the biological weapons course of instructions that have existed in the US and Russia in the aside and might exist today.In Russia, for example, the program was Known to the Soviets as the Concern, Biopreparat the laboratories and plants that supposedly manufactured vaccines and other noncombatant pharmaceutical products was in fact a hub of Moscows germ effort, a vast network of secret cities, drudgery plants, and centers that stu go pastd and perfected germs as weapons. (p. 135) fleck atomic energy and the potential to develop and use ther mo atomic power for armed forces purposes was the novel weapon of the 20th century, the comparable weapon of this century may be germ bombs and the affright of germ warfare.Germs are less costly to cultivate and develop than nuclear power, easier to develop and available to anyone with adequate expertise and laboratory facilities. Unlike the millions of dollars required to develop and design nuclear weapons, biological weapons are relatively inexpensive to develop and use. Developing an efficient mouthy system to use with biological weapons may be more than difficult than developing or cultivating deadly germs, but the tendency of people to move among themselves and the propensity of germs to quickly spread from one individual to another make germs and germ warfare a cause for concern.Of course, protective gear is required for their development so as to avoid contaminant during look into or use and to protect from accidents and wastes, but developing germ weapons is relatively easy and available. What are the cause of viral infection? Despite their minute size, germs are among the most deadly things in the ground of living things. The authors provide an example. In their scenario, the victims contracted the virus after eating in a restaurant. The contain cramps began later that day Two days later,(they) started getting ill by weeks end, thirteen of twenty-eight employees were sick. And oodles (more) called to complain that they had gotten violently ill. (p. 18) Germs are or lowlife be the cause of great illness and biological destruction and can cause death in numerous painful and undesirable ways. The spectrum of effects that can be attributed to germs ranges from very beneficial to mildly beneficial to mildly harmful and all the way to deadly. at once germs invade a body, they consume nutrients and energy and produce toxic wastes that act as poisons leading to any function of health puzzles. The beneficial germs are not what concern the author s.The authors message is that germs can be deadly and that governments have and probably still are developing germs specifically for use as weapons in military situations, and while that is of concern, the authors point out that other concerns are just as worrisome or of more concern. What if biological weapons developed by the military were to fall into the hands of terrorists? fifty-fifty though the substance to deliver biological weapons is difficult, in a terrorist act or even in a military situation, even an inefficient means of delivery can be sufficiently effective to be frightening and cause the rapid spread of germs.The germs can be spread by human interaction and contact. In situations of terrorism, germs can be sprayed or merely distributed by means of tiny vials. Once the spread begins, the germs can be more difficult to eradicate than they were to deliver even if only distributed in a small area. The problem then becomes how to contain the germs and pr fact their spre ad. General focus of the book Although the authors focus on the biological weapons program in the US, they also roll other elements of concern as regards biological weapons and biological warfare.They point out that research into the development and use of biological weapons has grown despite the deadly nature of the weapons and the reality that such weapons, like the gases used during World War I, are just as deadly and harmful to those who would use the weapons as to those who are the intended victims. It may be insufferable to protect victim or victimiser from the effects of biological weapons. The authors are concerned that on numerous occasions, the U. S. has considered using biological weapons despite the dangers they pose. just now the U. S. is not the only culprit.Other countries have biological weapons programs and some biological weapons have been used in the past. These weapons pose a curse for the future. During the Gulf War, for example, biological weapons develope d by Iraq posed a threat and they might, in fact still pose a threat. period U. S. went in search of nuclear weapons and set in motion none, the threat of biological weapons posed just as great a danger. The authors consider and compare chemical and biological weapons and outline the relative dangers of each. Authors view and why author feels this is important The authors make clear that everyone is contend with germs for use in warfare.During World War I, the combatants used mustard gas to kill the enemy, but they acquire that a temporary shift in the wind direction could result in deaths on some(prenominal) sides. While it is mayhap only a value judgment that germs are worse than nuclear weapons, cipher can deny that germs might be at least as bad. If the radiation pollution and effects of nuclear weapons can eventually for hundreds or thousands of years, how long could the effects of a living virus last and how are we to combat them perhaps not as long as nuclear radiat ion and perhaps not forever perhaps longer and even forever.Who can predict? What is to chequer them from infecting all parties? Of course, customary warfare is not the only reason for concern as regards biological weapons. Of particular concern are terrorists. The authors of this book review the problems associated with the intromission and existence of biological weapons manufactured by countries around the world. They point out that the biological weapons prepared for use in war are just as deadly and just as much of concern for their value to terrorist for use in acts of terror.Unlike nuclear weapons, both chemical and biological weapons can be easy and inconspicuously transported from one location to another by anyone. Even if the countries that have germ weapons have no intention of using them, who can prevent them from falling into the hands of terrorists. Terrorists have a death wish of sorts. Perhaps they breakt want to die, but they are exiting to die for their cause, and while no one can object to a person being willing to die for a cause, not all causes are for the benefit of humankind.In the hands of terrorists who dont care about anyone or anything but their cause, biological weapons pose an equal danger to everyone. Germs do not recognize boundaries, race, nationality or cause. Terrorists can but biological weapons just as they buy other weapons or manufacture them on their own. The authors guide biological weapons as the poor mans hydrogen bomb. Often, they are simple to make in a laboratory. sociological consequences from authors view Biological weapons are more than merely a military concern. They are a sociological concern and a concern to society in general.Perhaps the only reason biological weapons might not be of as great a concern as the concern surrounding nuclear weapons is that most terrorists might not have a proper means to spread contamination by biological microbes, but even with the limited use of a biological weapon, sto pping the spread of germs is complicated. Even limited use of such weapons can cause widespread contamination, especially during the initial period onwards anyone becomes aware that a biological weapon has been used and action can be taken to stop the spread of the microbes.Once released, stopping the subsequent spread of the biological germs is both a medical and a sociological problem. Sociology involves how people interact with people, and the widespread use of biological weapons would dramatically alter and restrict human interactions. Typical human interactions from one day to the next, from one moment to the next dictate that germs will spread quickly and rapidly become a global concern as was demonstrated with the SARS blast in 2003. Weaknesses and strengths of the bookPerhaps the books greatest weakness is adequately turning what can be through to prevent the further development and spread of such weapons. How can we prevent similar situations in other countries? Even if we could persuade the U. S. and Russia to abandon research and development of biological weapons, what can be done to prevent the spread and use of such weapons throughout smaller countries of the developing world? The authors do not pose viable ascendants for that problem and, sadly, there may be none.Signing treaties may alleviate fear, but treaties signed in public are small in secret. No one realizes they have been broken until it is too late. That, perhaps, is among the greatest concerns connected with this unblock. While the book is well written and adequately considers a number of important issues, the question as to how to prevent biological weapons from spreading is not adequately considered, perhaps because, in my view, openly signing treaties is no guarantee that anyone will adhere to what has been signed. That, therefore, is a concern, at least my concern.Yes, Americans could gear up pressure on U. S. politicians to stop research in and development of germ weapons an d germ warfare, but that wouldnt indispensable stop such research among terrorists. How can we really prevent germ weapons from falling into the hands of varlet countries and terrorists? The book addresses the issue, but no viable solutions are presented. Another concern, perhaps a major one, is the panache in which the authors pose or form their conclusions. For example, they ask, Is the threat of germ weapons real or exaggerated? Our firmness is both. This leaves the reader wondering what to conclude, or at the least leads the reader to wonder what message the authors are attempt to relay. Fortunately, this book is not designed to be an alarmist book, but rather to point out the threat before long posed by biological weapons and what can be done to minimize their impact in the event of a biological attack. Authors biases Of course, everyone has a bias and slant on everything. The authors slant their work on the dangers of germ weapons and ignore the benefits. Considering the true dangers, one might ask, Do germ weapons present any benefits in the long run? Certainly, no noetic person could blame the authors for ignoring the assumed benefits of germ warfare. For example, is it possible that just the threat that these weapons exist might serve as a deterrent to war? From my perspect, that question, although it seems logical, is foolish to the point of being ridiculous. Any weapon that is so deadly and sober that it cannot be used is useless because it leaves no rational options. Fail to use it and be destroyed. Use it and be destroyed. Those seem to be the options and, as you can see, they do not constitute an option at all.The final outcome is destruction. The authors explain, Once the rod-shaped bacteria entered a victims body, the invaders multiplied wildly over hours and days, damaging tissues and overwhelming rival bacteria. Their main weapons were toxins and sticky hairs The toxins caused the intestines to exude waves of weak fluid. (p. 19) By the end of the outbreak, nearly 1,000 people had been infected, medical facilities and module had been overwhelmed and infected individuals had moved around so as to spread infection. This is how viruses act on everyone, victim and victimizer alike.They create situations that overwhelm facilities, medical professionals and staff alike. On the other hand, if situations never come to the point where such issues pick up be considered, then the weapons and their creation were needless in the first place. So, the bottom line is not to develop such weapons at all. They pose many serious dangers and no real advantages. Personal experiences with Germs Like most people perhaps, my face-to-face experiences and berth on this issue involve no more than the common colds I occasionally get. Some are worse than others, but I am well away that people, me included, tend to take colds for granted.We assume that colds are things that generally come unexpectedly, last briefly and then go away. Most people fail to realize that colds kill and most people today cannot fathom the seriousness of the global influenza epidemic of 1918. It is give tongue to that so many American men being sent to war in Europe died from influenza that the virus actually posed as great or great threat of death than the war. My personal experiences with colds make it difficult to fathom this situation, but it also emphasizes the point that viruses kill and that even apparently simple and common viruses are of greater concern than we realize.Further research needed If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical attention after a biological attach may be useless since viruses can exert their lethal effect so quickly that many would die long before any effective interference could be deliver ed. Perhaps a research focus on preventing the spread of such weapons would be of greater value although certainly treatment should not be ignored.What treatment would there be, or could there be for newly developed biological weapons? While we cannot develop treatment for deadly viruses not yet developed, perhaps we can pursue research that would head off the development of such viruses. I feel that this is impossible because you cannot head off what you cannot even vaguely predict or foresee. Even as I consider this issue, it seems the possibilities of pursuing research that would provide medical cures for biological germs not yet developed is rather preposterous.In my view, research is not the answer to any of the problems except possibly treating the victims of the potential biological weapons we already have and the germs we already know exist, but what about protecting people from newly developed germs? Ultimately, the real solution appears to be finding a way to stop the deve lopment and use of such weapons. Certainly, that might be much easier said than done, but it might mean that the most effective medical research is sociological in nature.I dont like to view anything as being hopeless, but in this case, it seems to me that the greatest hope lays not so much in any type of research, but in finding ways for human beings to get along better. If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical assistance after a biological attack may be useless since viruses become resistant to any attack. In a sense, they are perfect fighting machines.This topic is of sociological concern because it indicates how important it is to find ways to address and deal with the social situations and problems we encounter as individuals and as countries. For example, not me ntioned in the book is that naive individuals might use viruses to vent grudges against other individuals. Personally, I am just as happy that this idea is not presented in the book because I would not want to give anyone foolish and dangerous ideas that would go far beyond affecting the intended victim, and perhaps that is a central message the book tries to convey as well.Germ warfare is not a strategy that assures national security but a dangerous idea that serves no valid purpose and assures danger, mayhem and widespread death. Books Relationship to Sociology its time value in Class Lectures. This topic has value in the class, but in my view, its value lies only in bringing the issue to our attention and allowing us to address the research and development of such weapons in America and perhaps Russia, China and the European countries.There is little we can do about terrorists or knave countries and certainly, showing too much concern for the creation of such weapons only incr eases the likelihood that terrorists might be foolish enough to use them. So, the question as to the value of this topic in class is questionable. Certainly, we need to be aware of the dangers of germs and take measures to protect against them and to prevent their spread, but that is mainly a health issue and it remains a health issue whether or not viewed from the perspective of sociology or medicine.Personally, I dont like calling undue attention to things we cannot control because it alarms people in a means that leads to a feeling of helplessness. Summary and conclusion In conclusion, this book vividly presents the dangers and concerns that surround germ warfare. While the book focuses on the biological weapons program in the US it points out that many countries are playing with this deadly idea and that developing countries view it as a poor mans nuclear bomb.Even so, from the authors perspective at least, biological weapons are much worse than nuclear weapons. In my view, per haps that is not true. While the methods (nuclear vs. biological) are different, in the final analysis, both cause great illness and (different types of) global pollution that will affect the world for decades, centuries, possibly millennia. In my personal view, I believe that surviving a biological war is more likely than surviving a nuclear war, but I find the idea of choosing between one or the other ludicrous. I feel that more people might die quickly and painfully with biological weapons than with nuclear weapons, but ultimately, I feel that the global pollution with nuclear weapons would be worse. It is a question of seeing a glass as half empty or half full.The idea that there is a difference or distinction is more or less an illusion. In the end, the only viable alternative is to completely avoid both. Choosing between the value judgment as to which is worse is a decision I would rather never take and it is also one that I wish no one else in the world had the opportunity to make. Yes, perhaps that is a naive view, but in the end, isnt that what you would probably prefer as well.ReferenceMiller, Judith, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad. (2002). Germs Biological Weapons and Americas Secret War. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY.

Mission & Vision Essay Example for Free

relegating Vision EssayThe article speaks about how a mission should be written, so it will cater a cle ber and well defined invention. Its explained the advantages and limitations of having it. It too explore whether a standalone af sousedation or a broader model should be a better mission statement. This is followed by proposing a new definition of a mission, demonstrating how it is rooted in good practice, and presenting its benefits and limitations. Some context of practical implication discussed as well. FindingsThe paper initiall(a)(a)y establishs the inconsistent use of the concept of mission in the expanded list approach. It then proceeds to show similar inconsistencies in three of the most respected models of guiding statements in the literature. Vision Framework (Collins and Porras (1991, 1995, 1996, and 1997) Ashridge legation illustration (Campbell and Yeung (1991)) Model of systemal day-dream Liptons Model (Liptons (1996, 2003)) missionary post Statement s Approaches Check List character reference The article says that to get a well-defined mission statement, it has to have the checklist-type approach.Research shows that many times companies atomic number 18 only setting a single line of mission statement which does not constitute all the items in the checklist which makes it a poor mission statement. This is where suggestions ar being made to the organizations to redefine the mission statementby David and David (2003), They suggest the following comprehensive list of nine components that an effective mission statement should accommodate Customers (the target marketplace) Products/services (offerings and value provided to customers) Geographic markets (where the firm seeks customers)Technology (the technology used to produce and market products) Concern for survival/growth/profits (the firms concern for financial soundness) Philosophy (the firms determine, ethics, beliefs) Public image (contributions the firm makes to communi ties) Employees (the importance of managers and employees) Distinctive competence (how the firm is different or better than competitors). Compilation Logic Variously referred to as statements of purpose, set statement, goals and strategies, corporate creed, corporate philosophy, and so on. (Leuthesser and Kohli (1997,).A mission statement is a clear definition of the mission and purpose of the organization, it may be referred to as the organization creed statement, statement of purpose, statement of general principles, statement of corporate intent or vision statement. (Strong (1997, p. 269)) Strategic Intent Strategic intent captures the essence of winning (Hamel and Prahalad, 1989, p. 64). An effective mission statement fundamentally answers one question How do we intend to win in this business? Welch and Welch (2005, p. 14). Brief on the ModelVision Framework In vision framework, a well-conceived vision consist of 2 major weakens. Those are core ideology and envisioned fu ture. The core ideology speaks about the purpose of the organization. It consists of explaining the character of the organization, what it stands for and why it exists. The 2 offices of core ideology are core values and core purpose. Core values are the principals of the organization and core purpose is the fundamental reason of the organization existence. The envisioned future is what the organization would comparable to achieve.Ahihridge model In Ashridge model, the mission statement should consist not only the purpose but also the strategy, values and standards of behavior. The purpose in this context theorises as to who the organization is on business for. The strategy part speaks about the business logic on saying which business brings the competitive advantage while the values speak of the emotional and moral logics which eventually motivate the employees. The standards of behavior will convert the strategy and values into policies and guidelines.Liptons Model Liptons mod el speaks of 3 components. Those are mission, strategy and culture. The mission specifies the fundamental and unique purpose of the business. The strategy is about how the mission can be achieved while obtaining the competitive advantage of the business. The culture is the part which describes the values, standards of behavior and leadership style of the organization Differences of 3 Model The Ashridge model emphasizes the importance of a scent out of mission and Lipton talks about a sense of vision.In both models can see purpose, strategy, values, and standards of behaviors. until now the vision model comprises of vision and mission elaborated both other 2 models. The contents of those elements, however, are not always the same. Proposed Definition The proposed definition of mission statement should consist of 3 things. Those are, commitment to reflect authenticity of the mission, a significant value which is exciting and inspiring and a worthy cause for the members of the organi zation to embrace on. This new definition aims to provide benefits are individual and organization level.Two benefits can be derived and those are to create a clear focus for the employees and it facilitates organizations to make strategic decision in regards to resources which help the success of the business. Strength Drawback Analysis The variety of organizations mission statements is so wide that no single definition can possibly be exhaustive. There are authentic and fabricated mission statements, and not all existing varieties are necessarily authentic. This definition, by design, excludes all those varieties of mission statements that are not authentic, i. e.that imply no particular choice. The proposed definition reverses the logic of compilation and synthesis in favor of a more focused approach. Evidently, a definition built on choice can never be exhaustive. Limitation commission for future Research The paper, however, focusses mainly on content and does not thoroughl y address the process of create a mission and how this process relates to and influences the missions content. This is a fruitful research opportunity. Observation Mission statement framework should include some components to measure the organizational outcomes.

Sense Perception Essay Example for Free

Sense Perception screenMaurits Corneluis Echecher (1898-1972) is one of the most famous graphical artists. He used to use maths in his art to blind peoples senses. Some of his paintings are used for atmosphere ideas in movies, for example inception. Magicians to a fault play with our senses and trick us. The method they use is known as smoke and mirrors. The expression smoke and mirrors has now entered our everyday spoken language in English it refers to deceptive behaviour, actions or information. What does red mean? Love, dangeretc. But it can also be a corporate symbol (vodaphone), a political symbol (like communist flag) communists were called the reds.Red can also be an artistic symbol, symbol of danger, sports team, red can take the significance of health (red cross). Iconoclastic when you cannot discombobulate use any religious symbols, like in Islam. In the mosque there are no statues, bonnie quotes from the Koran. Whenever we perceive something the meaning chang es depending on the context, the meaning depends on the context. What makes up this context ?* The history of the people.* The culture of the people.* The political views of the people.* Emotions.* The environment surrounding us (if were in a museum, class etc.)John Locke was the founder of the school of quackery he said that the human mind is natural as a tabula rasa (clean slate). He believes we are born with nothing and no skills, he thinks that we gain ideas, skills and knowledge throughout our lifes. This means that context that provides the meanings to the things we perceive is not something were born with, but something we learn. Gestalt psychology (school of thought), it argues that we shouldnt understand perception as an individual phenomena, but as a whole because the result is more than the part of it. This theory may be applied to many things ex. a movie or a painting. This applies to the way we interpret other individuals and human actions, this is what we call social perception. genial perception is also related to the we dress up. Social perception also leads to racism, think of Germans and Jews.

Analysis of Islamic Banking in the UK

Analysis of Muslim Banking in the UKThis explore externalize testament be a hub of attention to inspect the opportunities of progress and growth as well(p) as the major challenges to Muslim banking in the UK. The UK is the hub of Moslem banking and contains importance in Moslem fiscal sector due to its ready growing Moslem population. Islamic banking is facing several(prenominal) great challenges in the UK beca manipulation the financial system is more favourable to conventional banking. There argon greater opportunities in the UK for outgrowth and growth of Islamic financial system because Muslim community is eager to take financial products and they ar imparting to spend their lives according to their religion. There is need to educate the Muslim community toward Islamic financial products servicing providers need to improve the information system within the communities and Islamic banking institution is need to last hard for survival and compete with conventional banking system in the sector of decrees and supervisions. The keywords in this explore are Islamic banking, Islamic finance, Muslim population, Muslim scholars, Islamic banking growth in the UK and Islamic banking challenges.2.0 RESEARCH signifi thunder mugce check to the figures of Office for National Statistics 2001, on that point was 1.6 one thousand thousand (2.8%) Muslims living in the United Kingdom exactly according to Home Secretary the Muslim population is increasing with high growth rate. In meet seven years thither is an increase of 40,000 Muslims in the UK and figures reached on 2 million which consist of 3.3% of full(a) UK population. There was no any facility available to Muslim community before 2000 but the Muslim population call for to spend their lives according to their faith. According to Islamic teaching interest is inviolablely prohibit in Islam and they want to take banking serve much(prenominal) as saving accounts, current accounts, home finances, damages and loan according to Islamic sharia law law. The United Kingdom is non-Muslim country and all its financial rules and regulation in favour of conventional banking. Because the Muslim community is active part of the UK delivery, on that point was need to crop up a system which is acceptable to these people. Islamic banking is started in the UK in 2003 with authorization of Financial services Authority.From 2003 to 2009 there is enough improvement and growing in Islamic banking system. Currently two main high channel conventional banks and one wholly Islamic bank are involved in Islamic banking services. moreover Islamic banking institution is still in the growth and infancy stage and Islamic banking is facing distinct challenges in this Western society such as socially, economically, fund management and regulations. With increasing popularity of Islamic banking in Western countries especially in the UK there are some difficulties in the way of Islamic Shariah law, Is lamic banking system as well as the role of Financial Services Authority and UK authorities are the critical issues. It is necessary to find out the opportunities for development and growth of Islamic banking in the UK and major challenges are faced by Islamic banking.3.0 RESEARCH OBJECTIVESThe main objectives of this proposal is to find out the opportunities for development and growth of Islamic banking in UK and challenges which are currently faced by Islamic banking in the humanness and United Kingdom specially. The main objective of this query proposal is to investigate the basic understanding of Islamic banking in community and inbanking sector because without basic understanding it is difficult to develop this financialsystem, whether there is any opportunity for growth and development in the UK and which kind of challenges is faced by Islamic banking.The objectives of the research proposal are toExamine that how important to know the fundamentals for Islamic banking for Mu slim community and service providers.Investigate that do Muslims really believe and know the difference between Islamic banking and conventional banking and what are the factors which make Islamic banking prior to conventional for Muslim community.How important in Sha riah law and its practise for Islamic finance and the role of Islamic scholars in promoting Islamic banking services and products.4.0 LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature revaluation illustrates the concept, scope and principles of Islamic banking around the globe in general and specifically in the United Kingdom. Islamic banking is a universal concept in the conventional banking, which is in practice with its many products in about of high street banks in the UK like HSBC, Lloyd TSB and as well Islamic Bank of Britain.5.0 RESEARCH methodological analysisThere are two main research paradigms positivistic and phenomenological. It is possible that diametric authors may use the alternative harm for these main paradigms in dia metrical time. The virtually commonly and alternatively used the terms are quantitative research method for positivistic and qualitative for phenomenological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The originally the positivistic paradigm was develop in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena and it is confirmatory and deductive in nature. The phenomenological paradigm was developed in the social sciences to facilitate the researchers to research and analyze social and cultural phenomena and this approach is exploratory and inductive in nature (www.socialresearchmethods). The paradigm is very important because it gives you a right path to use the right methodology. According to Collis and Hussy (2003 p.55) Regardless of which paradigm you are employing, it is important that you pay attention to all the features, and ensure that there are no contradictions or deficiencies in your methodology?. The paradigm of this research is phenomenological because it tends to produce qualitative dat a not quantitative. The quantitative research is objective in nature that involves analysis of numerical data by applying statistical tests (Collis and Hussey, 2003). But the qualitative research is much more subjective in nature, concerned with generating theories and can be generalized in understanding of the phenomenon of challenges and opportunities of Islamic banking in UK.6.0 RESEARCH PURPOSEIslamic banking is a hot topic in Hesperian countries especially in the UK. In the UK almost 2 million Muslims community is living and they want to spend their lives according to their religion (www.guardian.co.uk). This community is well contributing to the economy of the UK due to this the UK government gives more importance in the sector of Islamic banking. Nowadays the UK is the hub of Islamic banking and most of the high street banks providing the services of Islamic window. Due to this growing demand, Islamic banking faces some difficulties and challenges in western countries. The p urpose of the study is to examine and analyze the growth and opportunities of Islamic banking in the UK.7.0 RESEARCH METHODFor this research determine, I chose to undertake qualitative research method. The qualitative method is a type of research that emphasizes the lumber of meaning in consumer perceptions and behaviours there are different criteria or techniques can be used in qualitative method such as in-depth interviews and focus groups.The most common qualitative research techniques overwhelmIn-depth interviewFocus groupCase studyDirect observation7.1 Reason for choosing In-depth interviewI chose in-depth interview technique for my qualitative research due to its unique advantages over other techniques such as focus group and questionnaires. In the way of in-depth interviews it is easy to speak to an individual and keep his attention on specific topic comparatively it is difficult in focus group interviews. There is a isthmus of time saving and reducing the hassles to take an appointment from individual. The main advantage of in-depth interview is that the interviews can be easily conducted with key community leaders through that researcher can get a fast overview of a community according to his requirements.7.2 Sources of data7.2.1 Primary dataThis research is based on a study of the UK because growing population of Muslims community is playing positive role for the UK economy. Actually most of the Muslims want to spend their lives according to their faith. In this case study it will be examined that what are the problems and opportunities in the UK for Islamic banking. I will use the qualitative method of research in this project. There are different techniques of qualitative method but according to the situation the in-depth interviews is more suitable form for this project. According to Collis and Hussey (2003) in phenomenological approach the interview questions are unstructured or semi- structured in pattern not closed(a) questions like positi vistic approach. The plan is that the researcher will prepare semi-structured questions that are helpful to take maximal information from interviewees because in closed questions it is possible that some important information will be ignored. In semi-structured interviews the researcher has an opportunity to probe various areas and to raise specific queries during the semi-structured interviews.7.3 Data collection methodsFor the collection of primary data I shall use technique of in-depth interview. The plan is to hold the eight in-depth interviews from different sectors of the society. The researcher will hold four interviews from the banks authorities such as HSBC, Lloyd TSB and Islamic Bank of Britain that will give the get ahead facts and figures about the growth, opportunities and problems related to Islamic banking with reference to shariah compliance and Governmental authorities. Two with such Muslims who already customer of the Islamic banking which will facilitate the re search through providing the information why they did take up Islamic banking, advantages and disadvantages of this system and as well about the scope of Islamic banking in UK. Two with such Muslims that are not using Islamic banking product which will helpful to investigate why they contract not taken the Islamic banking product and which factors are stopping them from these services that are according to their faith. My plan is to speak to non-Muslims that are using the Islamic banking products that will provide the best information for the growth and strong fundamentals of Islamic banking. The planned is to conduct these interviews through sending letters to banking authorities and emails to customer services department of the perspective banks to arrange an appointment. To take interviews from customers and non-customers of the Islamic banking the interviewer will use the posters advertisement in the mosques and libraries in that area where the Muslims are living in majority. T he interviews will be recorded using the voice recording machine with the permission of the interviewees. If the voice recorder is not possible then the interviewer will take notes which will be summarized with full detail and also these notes will be available on demand for further investigation.8.0 search limitationsThis research was proposed to be conducted in a very short span of 8 weeks, which forced the researchers to curtail the research from expanding in to a wider spectrum. According to the proposed planned of seven interviews it is possible that there should be some hurdle to get all information from customers of Islamic banking. In the course of research if the researcher will feel to get more widely information about the growth of Islamic banking then miniskirt open ended questionnaires will be conducted. As the research was a part of student project there where huge limitations on financial resources. Lack of financial backup congests the team, which in turn curbed the research team from dilating the research.ConclusionThe purpose of research is to find out opportunities of growth and development as well the main challenges to Islamic banking in the United Kingdom. The primary data which was collected through in-depth interviews is to match with the different opinions of the community members about the scope and future of Islamic banking in the UK. The outcomes and results of these in-depth interviews are matched with aims and objectives of the research.